Dr. Crawford describes the diagnosis of hypertension (high blood pressure) and the tests that you should expect when you are diagnosed with the condition. He also summarizes the treament of hypertension which consists of lifestyle modifications as well as appropraite medication.
Hypertension (high blood pressure) affects about 50 million individuals in the United States. Of these, about 70% are aware of their diagnosis, but only about a half of those are receiving treatment and only 25% are under control using 140/90 as the cutoff guideline. A new category has been designated as “pre-hypertension” and that is when the blood pressure is 120-139 systolic over a diastolic of 80-89.
Blood pressure readings vary greatly in individuals depending on the time of day, where the patient is at when they get it checked, how soon they have eaten, smoked, or even drank a cup of coffee. A diagnosis of hypertension should not be based on one reading unless that reading is extremely high and/or there is evidence of end organ damage such as renal (kidney) or heart involvement. The diagnosis of hypertension should be made only after two or more readings on two or more office visits.
The frightening thing about hypertension is that it usually does not cause any symptoms. Unless you are getting your blood pressure regularly checked, you could be walking around for years with elevated blood pressure and not know it. That is why it is referred to as the silent killer.
If you are being diagnosed with hypertension for the first time, there are certain tests that your doctor should order. Blood tests including a complete blood count, fasting lipids (cholesterol), fasting blood sugar, renal (kidney) functions, liver functions, and electrolytes (potassium, sodium levels), along with a urinalysis should be checked. You should also have a chest xray to check for enlargement of your heart which can occur over time with hypertension, and an electrocardiogram to check for any cardiac (heart) abnormalities.
Treatment of hypertension is multi-faceted. Lifestyle modification should include smoking cessation, daily exercise implementation, dietary changes, alcohol moderation, and sodium restriction. One should consume a diet with plenty of vegetables, fruit, and low dietary fat. Exercise should consist of daily brisk exercise such as walking at least 30 minutes per day most days of the week. A 10% weight loss can make a significant difference in blood pressure readings. Alcohol consumption should be limited to no more than two drinks per day (24 oz. of beer, 10 ounces of wine, or 3 oz. of “hard” liquor such as gin, whiskey, or vodka). You should also reduce salt intake to no more than 2.4 grams of sodium per day. I tell my patients not to add any salt to any foods and restrict high sodium items.
If your blood pressure is not extremely elevated, say in the 145/95 range, and you are determined to make substantial lifestyle changes, then perhaps you can bring your blood pressure down to normal range with these measures. I always give my patients in these situations the option to try lifestyle modifications first if they wish as long as their blood pressure is not seriously high. Most patients, however, end up having to take a medication for their hypertension.
There are a wide variety of medications available that we can prescribe and the majority of patients require more than one type of medication to reach a desired blood pressure goal. Discuss with your physician the side effects of each and what would be the most suitable medication for you. Medications have come a long way for treating blood pressure in the past twenty years and the side effect profiles are much more favorable than they used to be overall. I have found that a good portion of my patients have an aversion to taking a pill everyday for the rest of their lives. But what I tell them is that they ought to look at it like a vitamin, or better yet, an insurance policy. If it prevents you from having a heart attack or stroke and from either premature death or perhaps becoming confined to a wheel chair and not being able to take care of yourself, then taking a daily pill or two should not even be an issue.
Don’t be afraid to talk to your doctor about treatment and asking about the tests I have discussed. Most importantly, please get into your physician at least once a year to get your blood pressure takenFree Reprint Articles, and more often if it has been on the high end of normal.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr. Ted Crawford is a family practice physican in Tucson, Arizona and has a website devoted to helping patients find reliable health information and products. His article "What to expect from your doctor when you are diagnosed with hypertension" can also be found at http://www.babyboomersdoc.com
Wednesday, February 28, 2007
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Obesity an increasing obstacle to medical diagnosis
Oak Brook, Ill. -- The increase of obesity in the United States doubled the number of inconclusive diagnostic imaging exams over a 15-year period, according to a study featured in the August issue of Radiology.
Researchers assessed all radiology exams performed at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) between 1989 and 2003 to determine the effects of obesity on imaging quality and diagnosis.
In an effort to quantify how obesity affects diagnostic imaging quality, Dr. Uppot and colleagues analyzed radiology records from a 15-year span at MGH. They searched for incomplete exams that carried the label "limited by body habitus," meaning limited in quality due to patient size.
"While 0.10 percent of inconclusive exams were due to patient size in 1989, by 2003 the number had jumped to 0.19 percent, despite advances in imaging technology," said Raul N. Uppot, M.D., lead author and staff radiologist at MGH. "Americans need to know that obesity can hinder their medical care when they enter a hospital."
An estimated 66 percent of adults in the United States are overweight, obese or morbidly obese, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, more than 12.5 million American children and adolescents are overweight. Hospitals are feeling the strain--they now require larger wheelchairs and beds. Additionally, standard operating tables and imaging equipment are not suited for obese patients.
By 2003, the modality that yielded the most difficulties in rendering a diagnosis was abdominal ultrasound (1.90 percent), followed by chest x-rays (0.18 percent), abdominal computed tomography (CT), abdominal x-rays, chest CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (all anatomic regions included).
CT and MRI can be problematic because of weight limitations of the imaging table and the size of the opening on the imager (patients are inserted through a small "hole in the doughnut"). Standard CT tables can accommodate patients weighing up to 450 pounds, and MRI machines can typically obtain diagnostic-quality images in patients weighing up to 350 pounds.
For exams that require radiation exposure, such as x-rays and CT, the power can be increased on standard machines in an attempt to acquire a higher-quality image. However, this leads to an undesirable increase in radiation dose.
Incomplete examinations related to obesity can lead to serious consequences for the patient, as in the case of misdiagnosis or failure to be able to assign a diagnosis at all.
There can also be economic ramifications. Further testing might be required in the event of an inconclusive exam, as well as increased hospitalization time.
Obesity also increases stress on the imaging systems, due to increased power output and more rapid burnout (as in the case of x-ray tubes).
Dr. Uppot believes that the prevailing lifestyle in the United States and other industrialized nations that facilitates a poor diet and lack of exercise has led to our current obesity crisis.
"In the short term, the medical community must accommodate these patients by investing in technology to help them," Dr. Uppot explained. "In the long term, this country must make cultural shifts that promote more exercise and a healthier diet."
http://chc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/6/4/245
Researchers assessed all radiology exams performed at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) between 1989 and 2003 to determine the effects of obesity on imaging quality and diagnosis.
In an effort to quantify how obesity affects diagnostic imaging quality, Dr. Uppot and colleagues analyzed radiology records from a 15-year span at MGH. They searched for incomplete exams that carried the label "limited by body habitus," meaning limited in quality due to patient size.
"While 0.10 percent of inconclusive exams were due to patient size in 1989, by 2003 the number had jumped to 0.19 percent, despite advances in imaging technology," said Raul N. Uppot, M.D., lead author and staff radiologist at MGH. "Americans need to know that obesity can hinder their medical care when they enter a hospital."
An estimated 66 percent of adults in the United States are overweight, obese or morbidly obese, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, more than 12.5 million American children and adolescents are overweight. Hospitals are feeling the strain--they now require larger wheelchairs and beds. Additionally, standard operating tables and imaging equipment are not suited for obese patients.
By 2003, the modality that yielded the most difficulties in rendering a diagnosis was abdominal ultrasound (1.90 percent), followed by chest x-rays (0.18 percent), abdominal computed tomography (CT), abdominal x-rays, chest CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (all anatomic regions included).
CT and MRI can be problematic because of weight limitations of the imaging table and the size of the opening on the imager (patients are inserted through a small "hole in the doughnut"). Standard CT tables can accommodate patients weighing up to 450 pounds, and MRI machines can typically obtain diagnostic-quality images in patients weighing up to 350 pounds.
For exams that require radiation exposure, such as x-rays and CT, the power can be increased on standard machines in an attempt to acquire a higher-quality image. However, this leads to an undesirable increase in radiation dose.
Incomplete examinations related to obesity can lead to serious consequences for the patient, as in the case of misdiagnosis or failure to be able to assign a diagnosis at all.
There can also be economic ramifications. Further testing might be required in the event of an inconclusive exam, as well as increased hospitalization time.
Obesity also increases stress on the imaging systems, due to increased power output and more rapid burnout (as in the case of x-ray tubes).
Dr. Uppot believes that the prevailing lifestyle in the United States and other industrialized nations that facilitates a poor diet and lack of exercise has led to our current obesity crisis.
"In the short term, the medical community must accommodate these patients by investing in technology to help them," Dr. Uppot explained. "In the long term, this country must make cultural shifts that promote more exercise and a healthier diet."
http://chc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/6/4/245
Medical Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholism
The tragic societal losses caused by alcohol affect the work of all physicians. To what extent does this book meet the formidable challenge of enhancing the medical care system's responses?
Babor's chapter succinctly and readably presents for the generalist the complex controversies regarding definitions and diagnosis of alcoholism. The delightful geriatric vignettes in Ofman's chapter vividly describe the pathos and show how coordination of services produces dramatic outcomes, even with the cognitively impaired elderly. Unfortunately, the text immediately preceding these stories iterates the lack of data on this admittedly understudied group.
Lewis writes dynamically about treatment. He focuses on primary care and presents behavioral interventions and valuable "how-to" clinical notes, backed by rationale and data. Schuckit's chapter features academic and dry writing that outlines well the elements and principles of treatment. However, some unsubstantiated treatment suggestions are debatable; for example, he theorizes that generalists might treat patients in medical or psychiatric units without groups or counselors.
Addiction specialists will appreciate the up-to-date reviews of the medical aspects of alcoholism, such as the encyclopedic endocrine chapters, which integrate animal and bench research with clinical data and interpret them as well. The book also includes fascinating current findings on molecular mechanisms of tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and neurotransmitters, but the presentations lack a consistent clinical orientation. The otherwise fine, extensive neurologic chapter is marred by reliance on "classic" data. The editors redress the field's male bias in four of the 17 chapters; editor Mello's chapter on the female neuroendocrine system is a well-organized goldmine, with strong clinical relevance and a good summary.
In place of the abundant duplications in the book (for example, definitions, listings of medical complications, and withdrawal treatment), I would have welcomed chapters on psychiatric issues or the "dual diagnosis" patient, the "disease"/abstinence versus controlled drinking controversy, or family issues as encountered by physicians.
Mendelson and Mello take a more academic, less clinical orientation than their title suggests. The abilities of researchers who need a current review, or addictionists who wish in-depth reading are more enhanced than generalists' skills. Primary care physicians might prefer a chapter in a medicine textbook, or a short primary care text on alcoholism; excellent editions of these have been recently published.
http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/119/5/443-a
Babor's chapter succinctly and readably presents for the generalist the complex controversies regarding definitions and diagnosis of alcoholism. The delightful geriatric vignettes in Ofman's chapter vividly describe the pathos and show how coordination of services produces dramatic outcomes, even with the cognitively impaired elderly. Unfortunately, the text immediately preceding these stories iterates the lack of data on this admittedly understudied group.
Lewis writes dynamically about treatment. He focuses on primary care and presents behavioral interventions and valuable "how-to" clinical notes, backed by rationale and data. Schuckit's chapter features academic and dry writing that outlines well the elements and principles of treatment. However, some unsubstantiated treatment suggestions are debatable; for example, he theorizes that generalists might treat patients in medical or psychiatric units without groups or counselors.
Addiction specialists will appreciate the up-to-date reviews of the medical aspects of alcoholism, such as the encyclopedic endocrine chapters, which integrate animal and bench research with clinical data and interpret them as well. The book also includes fascinating current findings on molecular mechanisms of tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and neurotransmitters, but the presentations lack a consistent clinical orientation. The otherwise fine, extensive neurologic chapter is marred by reliance on "classic" data. The editors redress the field's male bias in four of the 17 chapters; editor Mello's chapter on the female neuroendocrine system is a well-organized goldmine, with strong clinical relevance and a good summary.
In place of the abundant duplications in the book (for example, definitions, listings of medical complications, and withdrawal treatment), I would have welcomed chapters on psychiatric issues or the "dual diagnosis" patient, the "disease"/abstinence versus controlled drinking controversy, or family issues as encountered by physicians.
Mendelson and Mello take a more academic, less clinical orientation than their title suggests. The abilities of researchers who need a current review, or addictionists who wish in-depth reading are more enhanced than generalists' skills. Primary care physicians might prefer a chapter in a medicine textbook, or a short primary care text on alcoholism; excellent editions of these have been recently published.
http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/119/5/443-a
Monday, February 26, 2007
Medical Diagnosis
I decided to start this, to inform those who may experience one day a medical situation. In this day and age, one has a vast amount of information right at their finger tips. All that is required to spend the time and do the research. Never take the first persons opinion, or in my case keep searching for the truth. What has led me to this point, was having a motorcycle accident on 7-7-76 in Hays, KS. Having two arthroscopic surgeries on my right knee one on 12-29-2003 and the other one 8-19-2005.
Now, here is what I would like to know. How can three [3] doctors look at MRI’s, the narrative written about the MRI‘s, the x-rays taken, the narrative written by the doctor who preformed the last surgery and the actual pictures taken inside my knee, can all come to the same conclusion? That being the only thing wrong is my knee cap. Which is out of alignment and that the right half of it is bone on bone. There is about 1/16 of an inch clearance, when the normal clearance is ½ to 5/8 of an inch. The left half of the right knee cap has about 3/8 of an inch clearance if that.
I basically have very, very little meniscal cartilage and articular cartilage left in the knee area. Then on top of this I have arthritis, which is on the very top of the tibia [shin bone]. How’s does it come to be, that three [3] of these doctors never said any thing about having arthritis or factoring in the cartilage. Plus the fact each one said that I was to young to have a total knee replacement, but that the only thing I needed was a knee cap replacement, but wouldn‘t do it for various reasons. Hmm, on Nov 13th I will be 53.
On Tue the 17th, I had finally found someone who for 25 minutes explained to me in great detail about my condition and what was wrong. He showed me in the x-ray, MRI and the pictures that were taken last year. Then explained what the narratives said. I was asked if I had a computer, I said yes. Then he said, go into a medical dictionary and look up these terms used in these narratives, pointed to what I need to look up. He also said, that don’t take his word 100 percent go look for yourself. He said that it was obvious that I had done some research into this subject and that if I did this on my own, that I would feel more comfortable in knowing the facts and understanding them better. First time that I ever had a doctor explain to me in detail on what was wrong, plus telling me to look up the terms used.
Well, I have just done that, looked for myself. The man was telling me like it was, no more, no less, just the plain simple truth of the facts. What I am going to do? Hard to say, but I do know this, I will not be off from work 4 to 6 weeks like I was told. I told them that I can sit and work just as well as I can at home. Only difference is that at work I am being productive and making money. Being at home, I am making not any money and not being productive. Besides, I have a sister who at the age of 60 had hers done on a Monday and went back to work at the office the following Monday. She turned 70 this last April. If she can do it at the age of 60, then I can at 53.
I have been persistent in searching out the true facts. I am lets say very PO’d, in the fact that the first three [3] doctors didn’t tell the whole story. I do know this, if I have this done, I will have it in writing that I can go back to work after a week of being off. I do know that the day of the surgery, the day after you kept in the hospital. Then on the third usually discharged in the afternoon. So, bottom line, at this point in time I have no idea if I will have a total knee replacement done or not. That depends on this doctor and the time off issue.
Bottom line, just keep searching for the truth until you have found it!!
http://www.saljournal.com/blogs/?p=1444
Now, here is what I would like to know. How can three [3] doctors look at MRI’s, the narrative written about the MRI‘s, the x-rays taken, the narrative written by the doctor who preformed the last surgery and the actual pictures taken inside my knee, can all come to the same conclusion? That being the only thing wrong is my knee cap. Which is out of alignment and that the right half of it is bone on bone. There is about 1/16 of an inch clearance, when the normal clearance is ½ to 5/8 of an inch. The left half of the right knee cap has about 3/8 of an inch clearance if that.
I basically have very, very little meniscal cartilage and articular cartilage left in the knee area. Then on top of this I have arthritis, which is on the very top of the tibia [shin bone]. How’s does it come to be, that three [3] of these doctors never said any thing about having arthritis or factoring in the cartilage. Plus the fact each one said that I was to young to have a total knee replacement, but that the only thing I needed was a knee cap replacement, but wouldn‘t do it for various reasons. Hmm, on Nov 13th I will be 53.
On Tue the 17th, I had finally found someone who for 25 minutes explained to me in great detail about my condition and what was wrong. He showed me in the x-ray, MRI and the pictures that were taken last year. Then explained what the narratives said. I was asked if I had a computer, I said yes. Then he said, go into a medical dictionary and look up these terms used in these narratives, pointed to what I need to look up. He also said, that don’t take his word 100 percent go look for yourself. He said that it was obvious that I had done some research into this subject and that if I did this on my own, that I would feel more comfortable in knowing the facts and understanding them better. First time that I ever had a doctor explain to me in detail on what was wrong, plus telling me to look up the terms used.
Well, I have just done that, looked for myself. The man was telling me like it was, no more, no less, just the plain simple truth of the facts. What I am going to do? Hard to say, but I do know this, I will not be off from work 4 to 6 weeks like I was told. I told them that I can sit and work just as well as I can at home. Only difference is that at work I am being productive and making money. Being at home, I am making not any money and not being productive. Besides, I have a sister who at the age of 60 had hers done on a Monday and went back to work at the office the following Monday. She turned 70 this last April. If she can do it at the age of 60, then I can at 53.
I have been persistent in searching out the true facts. I am lets say very PO’d, in the fact that the first three [3] doctors didn’t tell the whole story. I do know this, if I have this done, I will have it in writing that I can go back to work after a week of being off. I do know that the day of the surgery, the day after you kept in the hospital. Then on the third usually discharged in the afternoon. So, bottom line, at this point in time I have no idea if I will have a total knee replacement done or not. That depends on this doctor and the time off issue.
Bottom line, just keep searching for the truth until you have found it!!
http://www.saljournal.com/blogs/?p=1444
Medical Diagnosis Of Erectile Dysfunction
There are no formal tests to diagnose erectile dysfunction. Some blood tests are generally done to exclude underlying disease, such as diabetes, hypogonadism and prolactinoma.
A useful and simple way to distinguish between physiological and psychological impotence is to determine whether the patient ever has an erection. If never, the problem is likely to be physiological; if sometimes (however rarely), it is more likely to be psychological.
Duplex ultrasound is used to evaluate blood flow, venous leak, signs of atherosclerosis, and scarring or calcification of erectile tissue. Injecting prostaglandin, a hormone-like stimulator produced in the body, induces erection. Ultrasound is then used to see vascular dilation and measure penile blood pressure. Measurements are compared to those taken when the penis is flaccid.
The diagnosis of male impotence is fairly easy. Determining why ED is occurring, on the other hand, can be more difficult. To accurately identify why a patient is suffering from ED, a medical professional will usually conduct a comprehensive patient interview, followed by a physical examination, and possibly laboratory testing.
The interview may include the following types of questions:
Questions relating to the specific erectile complaint
Questions relating to medical factors that could be contributing to ED
Questions relating to psychosocial factors that could be contributing to ED
Questions relating to prior evaluation or treatment
Tests such as the bulbocavernosus reflex test are used to determine if there is sufficient nerve sensation in the penis. The physician squeezes the glans of the penis, which immediately causes the anus to contract if nerve function is normal. A physician measures the latency between squeeze and contraction by observing the anal sphincter or by feeling it with a gloved finger inserted past the anus. Specific nerve tests are used in patients with suspected nerve damage as a result of diabetes or nerve disease.
Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) is normal for a man to have five to six erections during sleep, especially during rapid eye movement (REM). Their absence may indicate a problem with nerve function or blood supply in the penis. There are two methods for measuring changes in penile rigidity and circumference during nocturnal erection: snap gauge and strain gauge.
Penile biothesiometry test uses electromagnetic vibration to evaluate sensitivity and nerve function in the glans and shaft of the penis. A decreased perception of vibration may indicate nerve damage in the pelvic area, which can lead to impotence.
Penile erection is managed by two different mechanisms. The first one is the reflex erection, which is achieved by directly touching the penile shaft. The second is the psychogenic erection, which is achieved by erotic stimuli. The former uses the peripheral nerves and the lower parts of the spinal cord, whereas the latter uses the limbic system of the brain. In both conditions an intact neural system is required for a successful and complete erection. Stimulation of penile shaft by the nervous system leads to the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), which causes the relaxation of smooth muscles of corpora cavernosa (the main erectile tissue of penis), and subsequently penile erection.
Additionally, adequate levels of testosterone (produced by the testes) and an intact pituitary gland are required for the development of a healthy male erectile system. As can be understood from the mechanisms of a normal erection, impotence may develop due to hormonal deficiency, disorders of the neural system, lack of adequate penile blood supply or psychological problems. Restriction of blood flow can arise from impaired endothelial function due to the usual causes associated with coronary artery disease, but can also include causation by prolonged exposure to bright light or chronic exposure to high noise levels.
A few causes of impotence may be iatrogenic. Various antihypertensive (medications intended to control high blood pressure) and some drugs that modify central nervous system response may inhibit erection by denying blood supply or by altering nerve activity. Antidepressants, especially SSRIs, can cause impotence as a side effect. Surgical intervention for a number of different conditions may remove anatomical structures necessary to erection, damage nerves, or impair blood supply. Some studies have shown that male circumcision may result in an increased risk of impotence, while others have found no such effect and another found the opposite.
Excessive alcohol use has long been recognized as one cause of impotence, leading to the euphemism "brewer's droop"; Shakespeare made light of this phenomenon in Macbeth.
A study in 2002 found that ED can also be associated with bicycling. The number of hours on a bike and/or the pressure on the penis from the saddle of an upright bicycle is directly related to erectile dysfunction.
Article Source: http://add-articles.com
Pacific Herbals in a manufacturer and distributor of fast acting all natural male enhancement supplements. Visit Vicerex Labs
A useful and simple way to distinguish between physiological and psychological impotence is to determine whether the patient ever has an erection. If never, the problem is likely to be physiological; if sometimes (however rarely), it is more likely to be psychological.
Duplex ultrasound is used to evaluate blood flow, venous leak, signs of atherosclerosis, and scarring or calcification of erectile tissue. Injecting prostaglandin, a hormone-like stimulator produced in the body, induces erection. Ultrasound is then used to see vascular dilation and measure penile blood pressure. Measurements are compared to those taken when the penis is flaccid.
The diagnosis of male impotence is fairly easy. Determining why ED is occurring, on the other hand, can be more difficult. To accurately identify why a patient is suffering from ED, a medical professional will usually conduct a comprehensive patient interview, followed by a physical examination, and possibly laboratory testing.
The interview may include the following types of questions:
Questions relating to the specific erectile complaint
Questions relating to medical factors that could be contributing to ED
Questions relating to psychosocial factors that could be contributing to ED
Questions relating to prior evaluation or treatment
Tests such as the bulbocavernosus reflex test are used to determine if there is sufficient nerve sensation in the penis. The physician squeezes the glans of the penis, which immediately causes the anus to contract if nerve function is normal. A physician measures the latency between squeeze and contraction by observing the anal sphincter or by feeling it with a gloved finger inserted past the anus. Specific nerve tests are used in patients with suspected nerve damage as a result of diabetes or nerve disease.
Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) is normal for a man to have five to six erections during sleep, especially during rapid eye movement (REM). Their absence may indicate a problem with nerve function or blood supply in the penis. There are two methods for measuring changes in penile rigidity and circumference during nocturnal erection: snap gauge and strain gauge.
Penile biothesiometry test uses electromagnetic vibration to evaluate sensitivity and nerve function in the glans and shaft of the penis. A decreased perception of vibration may indicate nerve damage in the pelvic area, which can lead to impotence.
Penile erection is managed by two different mechanisms. The first one is the reflex erection, which is achieved by directly touching the penile shaft. The second is the psychogenic erection, which is achieved by erotic stimuli. The former uses the peripheral nerves and the lower parts of the spinal cord, whereas the latter uses the limbic system of the brain. In both conditions an intact neural system is required for a successful and complete erection. Stimulation of penile shaft by the nervous system leads to the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), which causes the relaxation of smooth muscles of corpora cavernosa (the main erectile tissue of penis), and subsequently penile erection.
Additionally, adequate levels of testosterone (produced by the testes) and an intact pituitary gland are required for the development of a healthy male erectile system. As can be understood from the mechanisms of a normal erection, impotence may develop due to hormonal deficiency, disorders of the neural system, lack of adequate penile blood supply or psychological problems. Restriction of blood flow can arise from impaired endothelial function due to the usual causes associated with coronary artery disease, but can also include causation by prolonged exposure to bright light or chronic exposure to high noise levels.
A few causes of impotence may be iatrogenic. Various antihypertensive (medications intended to control high blood pressure) and some drugs that modify central nervous system response may inhibit erection by denying blood supply or by altering nerve activity. Antidepressants, especially SSRIs, can cause impotence as a side effect. Surgical intervention for a number of different conditions may remove anatomical structures necessary to erection, damage nerves, or impair blood supply. Some studies have shown that male circumcision may result in an increased risk of impotence, while others have found no such effect and another found the opposite.
Excessive alcohol use has long been recognized as one cause of impotence, leading to the euphemism "brewer's droop"; Shakespeare made light of this phenomenon in Macbeth.
A study in 2002 found that ED can also be associated with bicycling. The number of hours on a bike and/or the pressure on the penis from the saddle of an upright bicycle is directly related to erectile dysfunction.
Article Source: http://add-articles.com
Pacific Herbals in a manufacturer and distributor of fast acting all natural male enhancement supplements. Visit Vicerex Labs
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Your Mesothelioma Diagnosis: What’s Next?
In order to cope with a diagnosis of Mesothelioma, it is crucial to know three important facts about this disease. First, one needs to know what Mesothelioma is. Second, it is imperative to know what causes this deadly cancer. Lastly, one must know as much as possible about the three forms of Mesothelioma. They are Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that is attributed to repeated exposure to asbestos. Individuals most susceptible for developing Mesothelioma are those who work in shipyards, asbestos mines, manufacture asbestos products, and those employed in the heating and construction trades. Mesothelioma does not usually become evident until 20 to 60 years after exposure to asbestos.
Mesothelioma gets its name from the word mesothelium. The mesothelium is the
protective lining that covers and helps to protect most of the body's internal
organs. This form of cancer invades the mesothelium. Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma are aggressive forms of cancer that attack the protective lining of the lungs, abdomen and heart, respectively.
Pleural Mesothelioma is the most prevalent form of Mesothelioma. It presents itself in the Pleura, or lining of the inside of the chest that house the lungs. When asbestos is mined, manufactured or disturbed, asbestos particles escape into the air. These particles are easily inhaled or swallowed. Over an extended period of time, these inhaled and ingested asbestos particles may eventually cause normal cells in the Pleura to become abnormal, causing Pleural Mesothelioma.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma is a more rare form of Mesothelioma. This type of cancer
originates in the Peritoneum or the membranous lining of the abdomen that
encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas. Peritoneal
Mesothelioma accounts for less than a quarter of all Mesothelioma cases.
Pericardial Mesothelioma is a cancer invades the Pericardium, or the membrane that surrounds the heart. This condition causes severe heart problems, and most people who contract this asbestos-related cancer eventually die from heart failure.
The Pleura is thought to be most susceptible to Mesothelioma. Due to this membrane surrounding the lungs it is in direct contact with asbestos fibers when inhaled. This would explain why Pleural Mesothelioma is the most common form of this deadly cancer.
It has been suggested that when asbestos-containing fibers are ingested or inhaled they can be picked up by the lymph nodes and spread to other parts of the body. This may account for cases of Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma.
Chronic exposure to asbestos, after a latency period of approximately 20 to 60 years, can cause Mesothelioma. If you have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma it is imperative to know what it is, what causes it and its three major forms; Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma. Once you know what form of this asbestos related cancer you are up against it will aid you in seeking appropriate treatment options.
In addition to seeking aggressive medical treatment, you need to find out the cause of your asbestos-related cancer. Since all three forms are caused by contact with asbestos, think back on all the jobs you've had, and where you were exposed to asbestos. Next, seek the advice of an attorney who is familiar with litigating Mesothelioma lawsuits. Your attorney will help you in documenting your exposure to asbestos even if it occurred many years ago, and also documenting the physical and emotional damage that your diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma or Pericardial Mesothelioma has caused for you.
About the Author
Nick Johnson serves as lead counsel with Johnson Law Group, a prominent personal injury law firm with principal offices located in Houston, Texas. Johnson specializes in representing plaintiffs with injury cases involving mesothelioma, nursing home abuse, medical malpractice and defective drugs. Contact Nick Johnson at 1-888-311-5522 or visit http://www.johnsonlawgroup.com for a free case evaluation.
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/your-mesothelioma-diagnosis-whats-next.html
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that is attributed to repeated exposure to asbestos. Individuals most susceptible for developing Mesothelioma are those who work in shipyards, asbestos mines, manufacture asbestos products, and those employed in the heating and construction trades. Mesothelioma does not usually become evident until 20 to 60 years after exposure to asbestos.
Mesothelioma gets its name from the word mesothelium. The mesothelium is the
protective lining that covers and helps to protect most of the body's internal
organs. This form of cancer invades the mesothelium. Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma are aggressive forms of cancer that attack the protective lining of the lungs, abdomen and heart, respectively.
Pleural Mesothelioma is the most prevalent form of Mesothelioma. It presents itself in the Pleura, or lining of the inside of the chest that house the lungs. When asbestos is mined, manufactured or disturbed, asbestos particles escape into the air. These particles are easily inhaled or swallowed. Over an extended period of time, these inhaled and ingested asbestos particles may eventually cause normal cells in the Pleura to become abnormal, causing Pleural Mesothelioma.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma is a more rare form of Mesothelioma. This type of cancer
originates in the Peritoneum or the membranous lining of the abdomen that
encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas. Peritoneal
Mesothelioma accounts for less than a quarter of all Mesothelioma cases.
Pericardial Mesothelioma is a cancer invades the Pericardium, or the membrane that surrounds the heart. This condition causes severe heart problems, and most people who contract this asbestos-related cancer eventually die from heart failure.
The Pleura is thought to be most susceptible to Mesothelioma. Due to this membrane surrounding the lungs it is in direct contact with asbestos fibers when inhaled. This would explain why Pleural Mesothelioma is the most common form of this deadly cancer.
It has been suggested that when asbestos-containing fibers are ingested or inhaled they can be picked up by the lymph nodes and spread to other parts of the body. This may account for cases of Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma.
Chronic exposure to asbestos, after a latency period of approximately 20 to 60 years, can cause Mesothelioma. If you have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma it is imperative to know what it is, what causes it and its three major forms; Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma. Once you know what form of this asbestos related cancer you are up against it will aid you in seeking appropriate treatment options.
In addition to seeking aggressive medical treatment, you need to find out the cause of your asbestos-related cancer. Since all three forms are caused by contact with asbestos, think back on all the jobs you've had, and where you were exposed to asbestos. Next, seek the advice of an attorney who is familiar with litigating Mesothelioma lawsuits. Your attorney will help you in documenting your exposure to asbestos even if it occurred many years ago, and also documenting the physical and emotional damage that your diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma or Pericardial Mesothelioma has caused for you.
About the Author
Nick Johnson serves as lead counsel with Johnson Law Group, a prominent personal injury law firm with principal offices located in Houston, Texas. Johnson specializes in representing plaintiffs with injury cases involving mesothelioma, nursing home abuse, medical malpractice and defective drugs. Contact Nick Johnson at 1-888-311-5522 or visit http://www.johnsonlawgroup.com for a free case evaluation.
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/your-mesothelioma-diagnosis-whats-next.html
Diagnosis Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids have been diagnosed for decades, but the disease is misunderstood greatly. This is because most people don't fully understand the area and the diseases that are associated with it. Over ten million people in the United States have been diagnosed with hemorrhoids. Almost a third of them seek medical treatment. The rate of serious hemorrhoids has gone done since its peak in the mid-70's. Many people who get hemorrhoids are around 45-65 years in age.
Many things are associated with hemorrhoids like ulcers and Crohn disease. Many women who get hemorrhoids get it because of their pregnancy, although it is undetermined why pregnant women get hemorrhoids. Believe it or not, hemorrhoids are present in healthy individuals; they are present in everyone. The only thing is that when they swell or enlarge they can become quite discomforting and painful. It is when the vascular cushions become enlarged, inflamed, or protruding when they are called hemorrhoids.
Some of the causes for hemorrhoids include your diet. For people who have a high fiber diet, they may get hemorrhoids because of the frequency of passings. Pregnancy is another cause, but it could be the extra pressure from the added body weight. Prolonged sitting on a toilet can also be the cause for hemorrhoids. Aging also causes hemorrhoids because the tissue inside the rectum begins to deteriorate. The weakening of the tissue can start as early as thirty. Straining and constipation has also been known to be a cause for hemorrhoids.
Symptoms are divided into external and internal. Internal does not cause pain, but external can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding. Protruding hemorrhoids can be itchy and bleed. They require medical attention because they are so uncomfortable. Internal hemorrhoids will cause discomfort and will make a person feel pressure around the abdomen and anus.
The pain you may feel from internal hemorrhoids is caused by a spasm in the sphincter. Internal hemorrhoids are mostly painless and have bleeding with bowel movements. When the hemorrhoid puts pressure on the hemorrhoid veins, they tend to break and blood will appear. Internal hemorrhoids can also produce mucus that will keep the area moist and cause the anus to itch, although this is not common.
Most hemorrhoids will only be treated if they cause any discomfort or pain. They will heal, but it may cause some scarring, depending on how serious your condition is. For external hemorrhoids, you may have an extra deposit of skin that will be permanent. If you feel any discomfort or pain, you should seek medical attention and consult your physician. Everyone has hemorrhoids; it's just a matter of how serious. You may need to consult your doctor if your hemorrhoids seem to be enlarged or blood is located in your stool.
About the Author
Copyright 2006 - Ivar Rudi. Ivar suggests you find great market for less by shopping online today. For more information and resources about this subject check out: http://www.hemorrhoids-guide.com/
Many things are associated with hemorrhoids like ulcers and Crohn disease. Many women who get hemorrhoids get it because of their pregnancy, although it is undetermined why pregnant women get hemorrhoids. Believe it or not, hemorrhoids are present in healthy individuals; they are present in everyone. The only thing is that when they swell or enlarge they can become quite discomforting and painful. It is when the vascular cushions become enlarged, inflamed, or protruding when they are called hemorrhoids.
Some of the causes for hemorrhoids include your diet. For people who have a high fiber diet, they may get hemorrhoids because of the frequency of passings. Pregnancy is another cause, but it could be the extra pressure from the added body weight. Prolonged sitting on a toilet can also be the cause for hemorrhoids. Aging also causes hemorrhoids because the tissue inside the rectum begins to deteriorate. The weakening of the tissue can start as early as thirty. Straining and constipation has also been known to be a cause for hemorrhoids.
Symptoms are divided into external and internal. Internal does not cause pain, but external can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding. Protruding hemorrhoids can be itchy and bleed. They require medical attention because they are so uncomfortable. Internal hemorrhoids will cause discomfort and will make a person feel pressure around the abdomen and anus.
The pain you may feel from internal hemorrhoids is caused by a spasm in the sphincter. Internal hemorrhoids are mostly painless and have bleeding with bowel movements. When the hemorrhoid puts pressure on the hemorrhoid veins, they tend to break and blood will appear. Internal hemorrhoids can also produce mucus that will keep the area moist and cause the anus to itch, although this is not common.
Most hemorrhoids will only be treated if they cause any discomfort or pain. They will heal, but it may cause some scarring, depending on how serious your condition is. For external hemorrhoids, you may have an extra deposit of skin that will be permanent. If you feel any discomfort or pain, you should seek medical attention and consult your physician. Everyone has hemorrhoids; it's just a matter of how serious. You may need to consult your doctor if your hemorrhoids seem to be enlarged or blood is located in your stool.
About the Author
Copyright 2006 - Ivar Rudi. Ivar suggests you find great market for less by shopping online today. For more information and resources about this subject check out: http://www.hemorrhoids-guide.com/
A Mesothelioma Diagnosis Sometimes Involves Mesothelioma Lawyers
Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that attacks the lungs, chest and abdominal area. It begins in the outer layers of the lungs and can spread through the chest wall and eventually to other parts of the body. But there is also a legal side to a mesothelioma diagnosis. Many cases have been caused by the neglect and sometimes criminal actions of companies whose number one interest was making profit when it should have been looking out for the people they employ. Many people who find themselves with a mesothelioma diagnosis are also finding an abundant supply of mesothelioma lawyers that can deliver them justice and monetary reparations.
Mesothelioma is a disease that is caused by exposure to asbestos. There is no other known cause of this disease.
Asbestos is a material that is very strong and heat resistant. This makes it is ideal for the use of manufacturing products and structures of all kinds. It is also a material that breaks down into a very fine dust. This dust is made up of tiny barbed like fibers that become airborne. When these fibers are inhaled they stick in the lungs and this can cause asbestosis, mesothelioma and a number of other illnesses. Most cases involve people that have had frequent exposure to asbestos at their workplace.
Currently there are over 400 items that we use in our everyday society that contain asbestos. The shipping industry uses asbestos to insulate boilers and smoke stacks. The automotive industry uses it to manufacture many different parts for their cars. The construction industry uses asbestos for insulation, concrete reinforcement and for electrical wiring to name only a few of the many different uses.
There have been laws passed in the United States in the last few decades that prohibit or restrict the use of asbestos materials, but there is still a lot of this material being used today. Many companies have ignored the laws that have been passed and continue to illegally use these materials or facilities constructed with these materials.
There is also the legal side of a mesothelioma diagnosis. Many cases of this disease have been caused by neglect or illegal behavior on the part of the patient's employer or former employer. Complying with Federal laws regarding asbestos can cut into a company's profits. For example, instead of replacing old asbestos materials at the workplace they choose to ignore the laws and hope they do not get contacted by any mesothelioma lawyers many years later. Mesothelioma can take several decades to develop in a person's body so these companies often get away with their crimes. Many patients never make the link to their asbestos exposure at their workplace because many times they have not worked at the place of exposure in many years.
There has been a lot of attention given to mesothelioma cancer in recent years. This is due to the fact that more and more people are receiving a mesothelioma diagnosis from their doctors. A mesothelioma diagnosis is bad news but it is important to know that there are legal courses of action available to anyone who has had a crime committed against them by an employer. Thanks to modern medical and scientific technology many people with a mesothelioma diagnosis have been able to trace their asbestos exposure back to their places of employment. Many of these patients have hired mesothelioma lawyers to sue their former employers. A lot of people have been awarded big settlements.
There is no shortage of mesothelioma lawyers on the internet that will fight for your cause. Just make sure you do research on them before you hire them. Just go to the Better Business Bureau (BBB) online and enter the names of the mesothelioma lawyers or law firms in the search box and you will get a history of complaints on them (if there are any). You should also do a Google search on them as well. Just go to Google.com, enter their names and you will get any information that has ever been posted on the internet about your prospective mesothelioma lawyers.
© 2006 Copyright. Michael Connelly
About the Author
Michael P. Connelly is an Author, Artist and award-winning Filmmaker who writes on a variety of topics that effect people in their every day lives.
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/cancer/a-mesothelioma-diagnosis-sometimes-involves-mesothelioma-lawyers.html
Mesothelioma is a disease that is caused by exposure to asbestos. There is no other known cause of this disease.
Asbestos is a material that is very strong and heat resistant. This makes it is ideal for the use of manufacturing products and structures of all kinds. It is also a material that breaks down into a very fine dust. This dust is made up of tiny barbed like fibers that become airborne. When these fibers are inhaled they stick in the lungs and this can cause asbestosis, mesothelioma and a number of other illnesses. Most cases involve people that have had frequent exposure to asbestos at their workplace.
Currently there are over 400 items that we use in our everyday society that contain asbestos. The shipping industry uses asbestos to insulate boilers and smoke stacks. The automotive industry uses it to manufacture many different parts for their cars. The construction industry uses asbestos for insulation, concrete reinforcement and for electrical wiring to name only a few of the many different uses.
There have been laws passed in the United States in the last few decades that prohibit or restrict the use of asbestos materials, but there is still a lot of this material being used today. Many companies have ignored the laws that have been passed and continue to illegally use these materials or facilities constructed with these materials.
There is also the legal side of a mesothelioma diagnosis. Many cases of this disease have been caused by neglect or illegal behavior on the part of the patient's employer or former employer. Complying with Federal laws regarding asbestos can cut into a company's profits. For example, instead of replacing old asbestos materials at the workplace they choose to ignore the laws and hope they do not get contacted by any mesothelioma lawyers many years later. Mesothelioma can take several decades to develop in a person's body so these companies often get away with their crimes. Many patients never make the link to their asbestos exposure at their workplace because many times they have not worked at the place of exposure in many years.
There has been a lot of attention given to mesothelioma cancer in recent years. This is due to the fact that more and more people are receiving a mesothelioma diagnosis from their doctors. A mesothelioma diagnosis is bad news but it is important to know that there are legal courses of action available to anyone who has had a crime committed against them by an employer. Thanks to modern medical and scientific technology many people with a mesothelioma diagnosis have been able to trace their asbestos exposure back to their places of employment. Many of these patients have hired mesothelioma lawyers to sue their former employers. A lot of people have been awarded big settlements.
There is no shortage of mesothelioma lawyers on the internet that will fight for your cause. Just make sure you do research on them before you hire them. Just go to the Better Business Bureau (BBB) online and enter the names of the mesothelioma lawyers or law firms in the search box and you will get a history of complaints on them (if there are any). You should also do a Google search on them as well. Just go to Google.com, enter their names and you will get any information that has ever been posted on the internet about your prospective mesothelioma lawyers.
© 2006 Copyright. Michael Connelly
About the Author
Michael P. Connelly is an Author, Artist and award-winning Filmmaker who writes on a variety of topics that effect people in their every day lives.
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/cancer/a-mesothelioma-diagnosis-sometimes-involves-mesothelioma-lawyers.html
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Home Remedy For Yeast Infection And Correct Diagnosis
Is there any value or for that matter, risk, exploring a home remedy for yeast infection? Why not pick up the phone and make an appointment to visit your health physician. Surely yeast infection treatment is best delivered by medical experts who are trained and knowledgeable in this area.
There is always a danger in self treatment or self diagnosis and the warning is issued time and time again... know and be aware of the risks before performing any type of self treatment. Yeast infection is a sometimes delicate and personal topic not openly discussed by sufferers. Understanding the how and why is one thing but yeast infection treatment is an entirely different "ball game."
Did You Know?
Those most at risk of yeast infection are young to middle age women. There are several causes such as consumption of a broad spectrum of medications, hormonal changes experienced by women during pregnancy, vaginal sensitisation to cleansing products as well as wearing tight clothing such as jeans.
Home Remedies
Home remedy for yeast infection comes in many forms including using buttermilk, olive leaf extract, grapefruit seed extract, yoghurt and douching. Yoghurt is a popular yeast infection treatment because it contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, a naturally produced bacterium within the vagina which generally keeps in check other regularly appearing yeast strains. Application can either be by applying directly to the vulva or as has been suggested and is a popular application technique, simply soaking a tampon before placing it in the vaginal region for up to one hour.
Before applying any home remedy techniques, do a little due diligence and be sure the application is safe.
Non Prescription Drugs
In the USA, yeast infection treatment products are now available over the counter at pharmacies. One of the problems with this condition is that sufferers sometimes suffer from "itchy trigger finger" syndrome meaning they'll rush in and by a treatment product at the slightest hint of an itch. Over use of these drugs have the effect of causing an imbalance between the naturally occurring Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterium and other yeast strains within the vagina. This also causes some yeast strains to become drug resistant.
Correctly Diagnosing Yeast Infection
So what should you do if you suspect you have a yeast infection? While it is not life threatening, proper diagnosis should be your first priority. As mentioned earlier, self diagnosis is not a good idea because an error in judgement, whether it be the diagnosis or the treatment, could lead to more painful and drastic consequences. Sure, an intense itching and burning sensation in the vagina region accompanied by unsightly discharge should give you every reason to suspect yeast infection however, for peace of mind and medical confirmation, wouldn't it be a safer option to visit your doctor?
As far as home remedy for yeast infection is concerned, you may be surprised at how helpful some health physicians are about the subject. The message is though, check before going ahead with something you may well regret later.
About the Author
Dean Caporella is a professional broadcaster. Read news,views and reviews onyeast infectionand related information in the world of infection at:http://www.yourinfectionsite.com
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/home-remedy-for-yeast-infection-and-correct-diagnosis.html
There is always a danger in self treatment or self diagnosis and the warning is issued time and time again... know and be aware of the risks before performing any type of self treatment. Yeast infection is a sometimes delicate and personal topic not openly discussed by sufferers. Understanding the how and why is one thing but yeast infection treatment is an entirely different "ball game."
Did You Know?
Those most at risk of yeast infection are young to middle age women. There are several causes such as consumption of a broad spectrum of medications, hormonal changes experienced by women during pregnancy, vaginal sensitisation to cleansing products as well as wearing tight clothing such as jeans.
Home Remedies
Home remedy for yeast infection comes in many forms including using buttermilk, olive leaf extract, grapefruit seed extract, yoghurt and douching. Yoghurt is a popular yeast infection treatment because it contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, a naturally produced bacterium within the vagina which generally keeps in check other regularly appearing yeast strains. Application can either be by applying directly to the vulva or as has been suggested and is a popular application technique, simply soaking a tampon before placing it in the vaginal region for up to one hour.
Before applying any home remedy techniques, do a little due diligence and be sure the application is safe.
Non Prescription Drugs
In the USA, yeast infection treatment products are now available over the counter at pharmacies. One of the problems with this condition is that sufferers sometimes suffer from "itchy trigger finger" syndrome meaning they'll rush in and by a treatment product at the slightest hint of an itch. Over use of these drugs have the effect of causing an imbalance between the naturally occurring Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterium and other yeast strains within the vagina. This also causes some yeast strains to become drug resistant.
Correctly Diagnosing Yeast Infection
So what should you do if you suspect you have a yeast infection? While it is not life threatening, proper diagnosis should be your first priority. As mentioned earlier, self diagnosis is not a good idea because an error in judgement, whether it be the diagnosis or the treatment, could lead to more painful and drastic consequences. Sure, an intense itching and burning sensation in the vagina region accompanied by unsightly discharge should give you every reason to suspect yeast infection however, for peace of mind and medical confirmation, wouldn't it be a safer option to visit your doctor?
As far as home remedy for yeast infection is concerned, you may be surprised at how helpful some health physicians are about the subject. The message is though, check before going ahead with something you may well regret later.
About the Author
Dean Caporella is a professional broadcaster. Read news,views and reviews onyeast infectionand related information in the world of infection at:http://www.yourinfectionsite.com
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/home-remedy-for-yeast-infection-and-correct-diagnosis.html
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Prostate cancer is the second largest of all cancer related deaths in males; the only cancer that causes more deaths annually is lung cancer.
To stand a chance of combating the disease, it is important to have an early prostate cancer diagnosis. By having this early knowledge, the medical professionals have a better chance of containing the condition. They may be able to stop the cancerous cells from spreading to other parts of the body. At the same time, they will be working to eradicate the illness altogether.
Before testing or performing a prostate cancer diagnosis, a person needs to realize that there is a problem and then seek medical advice. Signs of the problem may initially come in the form of pains while urinating, having difficulty passing urine, passing blood in the urine, urinating more frequently or having difficulty gaining and maintaining a full erection.
Once a person has seen there is a problem and looked for more medical help, the medical professionals will have to perform tests to find out if the problem is prostate cancer or another condition, these test can be carried out in a number of ways.
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
The prostate is located at the point where the urethra leaves the bladder, and it also sits against the outer wall of the rectum about 5 centimeters inside the anus.
Because of the location of the prostate a good examination can be made through the rectum, this is done by a medical professional who will use a well lubricated glove to insert a digit (otherwise known as a finger), into the anus and feel the inner wall of the rectum. By doing this they can actually feel the rear of the prostate located on the other side. Although it is only the rear of the prostate that can be checked it has been reported that 85% of all prostate cancers originate from this part of the prostate.
If the medical professional feels any unusual lumps or bumps it means they may ask the person to have further tests.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
The prostate specific antigen test is a simple blood test, which is taken and tested for levels of the prostate specific antigen enzyme. By finding out the levels of PSA the medical professionals can see what the risk of cancer is. Below is a list of PSA levels and risks associated
PSA levels of 4 nanograms or less per milliliter is a positive indicator.
PSA levels above 4 nanograms per milliliter is a risk of prostate cancer.
PSA levels above 10 nanograms per milliliter extremely high risk of prostate cancer.
There are flaws with this test though because as a man grows older the levels of prostate specific antigens increase naturally, which is taken into account by the medical professionals, also a large proportion of men with high PSA levels do not have prostate cancer and likewise a proportion of men with prostate cancer have low PSA levels.
Confirming the prostate cancer diagnosis
If the medical professionals believe there is a chance of cancer they will request that you have a biopsy, where a small tissue sample from the prostate is taken. To take a biopsy of the prostate the medical professional will put a tiny needle gun in the anus and press it against the wall of the rectum where a hollow needle will pass through the wall of the rectum into the prostate and take a sample. This procedure is not very painful and is routinely done on an outpatient basis.
About the Author
Verlyn Ross owns and operates a website dedicated specifically to providing health and fitness information. It includes a wealth of free articles in which you may have an interest. I invite you to access and freely explore my website.
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer-diagnosis.html
To stand a chance of combating the disease, it is important to have an early prostate cancer diagnosis. By having this early knowledge, the medical professionals have a better chance of containing the condition. They may be able to stop the cancerous cells from spreading to other parts of the body. At the same time, they will be working to eradicate the illness altogether.
Before testing or performing a prostate cancer diagnosis, a person needs to realize that there is a problem and then seek medical advice. Signs of the problem may initially come in the form of pains while urinating, having difficulty passing urine, passing blood in the urine, urinating more frequently or having difficulty gaining and maintaining a full erection.
Once a person has seen there is a problem and looked for more medical help, the medical professionals will have to perform tests to find out if the problem is prostate cancer or another condition, these test can be carried out in a number of ways.
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
The prostate is located at the point where the urethra leaves the bladder, and it also sits against the outer wall of the rectum about 5 centimeters inside the anus.
Because of the location of the prostate a good examination can be made through the rectum, this is done by a medical professional who will use a well lubricated glove to insert a digit (otherwise known as a finger), into the anus and feel the inner wall of the rectum. By doing this they can actually feel the rear of the prostate located on the other side. Although it is only the rear of the prostate that can be checked it has been reported that 85% of all prostate cancers originate from this part of the prostate.
If the medical professional feels any unusual lumps or bumps it means they may ask the person to have further tests.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
The prostate specific antigen test is a simple blood test, which is taken and tested for levels of the prostate specific antigen enzyme. By finding out the levels of PSA the medical professionals can see what the risk of cancer is. Below is a list of PSA levels and risks associated
PSA levels of 4 nanograms or less per milliliter is a positive indicator.
PSA levels above 4 nanograms per milliliter is a risk of prostate cancer.
PSA levels above 10 nanograms per milliliter extremely high risk of prostate cancer.
There are flaws with this test though because as a man grows older the levels of prostate specific antigens increase naturally, which is taken into account by the medical professionals, also a large proportion of men with high PSA levels do not have prostate cancer and likewise a proportion of men with prostate cancer have low PSA levels.
Confirming the prostate cancer diagnosis
If the medical professionals believe there is a chance of cancer they will request that you have a biopsy, where a small tissue sample from the prostate is taken. To take a biopsy of the prostate the medical professional will put a tiny needle gun in the anus and press it against the wall of the rectum where a hollow needle will pass through the wall of the rectum into the prostate and take a sample. This procedure is not very painful and is routinely done on an outpatient basis.
About the Author
Verlyn Ross owns and operates a website dedicated specifically to providing health and fitness information. It includes a wealth of free articles in which you may have an interest. I invite you to access and freely explore my website.
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer-diagnosis.html
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
The Route to ADHD Diagnosis
There are a few ways to getting diagnosed with ADHD, and I believe some are more effective and accurate than others. The most effective way to get tested, in my opinion, is by a psychologist or psychiatrist trained in ADD and learning disabilities. Because ADD often is accompanied by other learning disabilities, testing for these is also helpful. It would also be helpful to test for learning disabilities to make sure that ADD symptoms are not really a learning disability in disguise.
The formal testing done by a licensed mental health professional are long and costly, but in the end they are worth the time, effort and money invested in them. If the individual tested does come to be diagnosed with ADD, it is a sound diagnosis that has been thoroughly evaluated and tested. Individuals can have confidence in what they have been told and move on to the next step in their recovery. If they are told they do not have ADD, they again know they can trust who is telling them this and feel relief that they do not have to struggle with the disorder. This may mean they have some other learning disability or psychological issue, but they will be given the right direction to follow from an educated professional.
Another route that people are diagnosed is again through a psychologist or psychiatrist, but here a long history is taken of the individual. Report cards and other formal documents are looked through and family members are interviewed. The licensed professional attempts to get a clear picture of the issues the individual faces, and they try to see how long their problems have been going on. Depending on who they are testing, the process can be long or short, simple or complicated. This method also provides educated answers, and the individual being interviewed/evaluated should have confidence in their diagnosis.
There are a couple other ways that individuals are diagnosed with ADD that are not nearly as effective and can lead to misdiagnosis. Some school professionals such as guidance counselors have diagnosed kids with ADD in the past, and I honestly do not believe they have the education or tools that are necessary to do this. Giving someone an ADD diagnosis changes their life, and should be given with care. Also, some people may think they have ADD and get a referral to a psychiatrist. Some psychiatrists may ask you a few simple questions and then hand you a prescription for stimulants. This method of diagnosis I find disturbing. A short questionnaire will not tell you whether someone has ADD, and this way of diagnosing I have no confidence in. It calls into question the professionalism of the psychiatrist, and does nothing for the individual in question.
About the Author
Keith Londrie II is a well known author. For more information on ADHD, please visit ADHD for a wealth of information. You may also want to visit keith's own web site at http://keithlondrie.com/
The formal testing done by a licensed mental health professional are long and costly, but in the end they are worth the time, effort and money invested in them. If the individual tested does come to be diagnosed with ADD, it is a sound diagnosis that has been thoroughly evaluated and tested. Individuals can have confidence in what they have been told and move on to the next step in their recovery. If they are told they do not have ADD, they again know they can trust who is telling them this and feel relief that they do not have to struggle with the disorder. This may mean they have some other learning disability or psychological issue, but they will be given the right direction to follow from an educated professional.
Another route that people are diagnosed is again through a psychologist or psychiatrist, but here a long history is taken of the individual. Report cards and other formal documents are looked through and family members are interviewed. The licensed professional attempts to get a clear picture of the issues the individual faces, and they try to see how long their problems have been going on. Depending on who they are testing, the process can be long or short, simple or complicated. This method also provides educated answers, and the individual being interviewed/evaluated should have confidence in their diagnosis.
There are a couple other ways that individuals are diagnosed with ADD that are not nearly as effective and can lead to misdiagnosis. Some school professionals such as guidance counselors have diagnosed kids with ADD in the past, and I honestly do not believe they have the education or tools that are necessary to do this. Giving someone an ADD diagnosis changes their life, and should be given with care. Also, some people may think they have ADD and get a referral to a psychiatrist. Some psychiatrists may ask you a few simple questions and then hand you a prescription for stimulants. This method of diagnosis I find disturbing. A short questionnaire will not tell you whether someone has ADD, and this way of diagnosing I have no confidence in. It calls into question the professionalism of the psychiatrist, and does nothing for the individual in question.
About the Author
Keith Londrie II is a well known author. For more information on ADHD, please visit ADHD for a wealth of information. You may also want to visit keith's own web site at http://keithlondrie.com/
Parkinsons Diagnosis, Just Exactly What Is The Process
Diagnosing Parkinson's Disease is, as with any other condition, a complex and uncertain process. With symptoms very similar to that of other neurological disorders, including a variety of different forms of the disease itself, the Parkinsons diagnosis requires an physician experienced in dealing with the condition first hand, and an ability to differentiate between the symptoms set synonymous with this and other conditions. Some related conditions take their course very rapidly, whereas some take time to develop. Similarly, some conditions are always present, whilst some are acute, therefore it is essential for the initiation of treatment that patients are diagnosed effectively and correctly. The patient may require observation for a period of time before proper Parkinsons diagnosis can be made, as there are no laboratory tests which can indicate its presence for certain.
The doctor will firstly begin his patient evaluation by looking at his medical history and conducting a general health check to see if there are any obvious signs of this, or any other condition in the past, or at present. A neurological test can be conducted to assess the range of movement of the patient, and highlight any problems which may arise and point towards the presence of Parkinsonism.
There are at present no diagnostic tests to identify the presence of Parkinson's. Blood tests will seldom yield any results and depend on the specific nature of the patient's condition. On the same vein, brain scans will very rarely reveal any conclusive results as any brain changes are chemical and would therefore be neigh on impossible to detect through traditional scanning methods. The best way in which diagnosis can be reached is through the experience and judgement of the physician, who must have dealt with cases of the condition and other related neurological disorders before to have a realistic chance of correct diagnosis. The diagnostician should be expressly familiar with the key characteristics of each potential condition, and take time to diagnosis to the best of his abilities. That way, treatment can begin immediately for the correct problem, and the patient can benefit from alleviation of the symptoms he is suffering, or will be suffering in the future. Additionally, this provides a good opportunity to discuss with the patient the realistic goals and longer term prospects, although again this is very much dependent on a correct and conclusive Parkinsons diagnosis.
If you are at all concerned about Parkinson's and feel you have experienced some of the trademark symptoms, or alternatively a family member has previously been diagnosed with the condition and you feel you may be susceptible through genetics, it is strongly advisable to consult your doctor as soon as possible. This will give him the best chance of successful diagnosis, and will give you the best chance of beginning treatment as soon as possible. Although Parkinson's can be a disabling condition, it can be well treated to make life comfortable for the patient, and there are many options to try and dampen the symptoms, so the best policy is always to consult your physician as soon as possible.
About the Author
Clive Jenkins recommends the Parkinsons Disease Help Online website providing comprehensive info on Parkinson's. To find articles, tips and free information and advice check out the site here:
http://www.parkinsonsdiseasehelponline.com/
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/parkinsons-diagnosis-just-exactly-what-is-the-process.html
The doctor will firstly begin his patient evaluation by looking at his medical history and conducting a general health check to see if there are any obvious signs of this, or any other condition in the past, or at present. A neurological test can be conducted to assess the range of movement of the patient, and highlight any problems which may arise and point towards the presence of Parkinsonism.
There are at present no diagnostic tests to identify the presence of Parkinson's. Blood tests will seldom yield any results and depend on the specific nature of the patient's condition. On the same vein, brain scans will very rarely reveal any conclusive results as any brain changes are chemical and would therefore be neigh on impossible to detect through traditional scanning methods. The best way in which diagnosis can be reached is through the experience and judgement of the physician, who must have dealt with cases of the condition and other related neurological disorders before to have a realistic chance of correct diagnosis. The diagnostician should be expressly familiar with the key characteristics of each potential condition, and take time to diagnosis to the best of his abilities. That way, treatment can begin immediately for the correct problem, and the patient can benefit from alleviation of the symptoms he is suffering, or will be suffering in the future. Additionally, this provides a good opportunity to discuss with the patient the realistic goals and longer term prospects, although again this is very much dependent on a correct and conclusive Parkinsons diagnosis.
If you are at all concerned about Parkinson's and feel you have experienced some of the trademark symptoms, or alternatively a family member has previously been diagnosed with the condition and you feel you may be susceptible through genetics, it is strongly advisable to consult your doctor as soon as possible. This will give him the best chance of successful diagnosis, and will give you the best chance of beginning treatment as soon as possible. Although Parkinson's can be a disabling condition, it can be well treated to make life comfortable for the patient, and there are many options to try and dampen the symptoms, so the best policy is always to consult your physician as soon as possible.
About the Author
Clive Jenkins recommends the Parkinsons Disease Help Online website providing comprehensive info on Parkinson's. To find articles, tips and free information and advice check out the site here:
http://www.parkinsonsdiseasehelponline.com/
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/parkinsons-diagnosis-just-exactly-what-is-the-process.html
The Difficulty In Alzheimers Diagnosis
Alzheimers disease still remains on the whole a mysterious condition, with very little known about its causes or the precise nature of its effects. Because the causes are unknown, identifying likely candidates for developing the disease is an impossible feat. Likewise there is no cure for those who do end up with the disease, and it shares symptoms with many other conditions, making Alzheimers diagnosis particularly difficult.
It is thought that there are a number of factors which may help in forming an Alzheimers diagnosis, such as family history and any previous serious head injuries, which may indicate a likelihood of the condition. If you are experiencing any of the key symptoms, primarily dementia, it is a good idea to consult your doctor immediately. That way, you can be sure to rule out other conditions and begin a course of treatment for your diagnosed condition. For diagnostic purposes it is also highly beneficial to be handled by a specialist with first hand experience and hopefully even research interests in the condition and other similar conditions to aid in the Alzheimer's diagnosis.
Likely indicators which would lead to an Alzheimers diagnosis are dementia as establish by means of examination, a progressing decline in movement and movement capabilities, undisturbed consciousness and the absence of brain diseases which could cause similar symptoms. These will all be fairly easy to asses and draw conclusion for an expert in the field using his professional judgement. Additionally, if there is a behavioural change, and a family history of the condition, this may also go to suggest its presence within a patient, leading the physician to his Alzheimers diagnosis.
Through simple examination, the physician can gain a better understanding of the patient's condition, leading him to realise the nature of his illness and perhaps even help draw conclusion based on his professional opinion. Although the diagnosis can never be a 100% certainty, more experienced physicians will be able to diagnose with more accuracy, and eventually be able to recognize recurring signs in patients suffering from the condition.
Although traumatic by its very nature, the diagnosis of Alzheimers doesn't have be a demoralizing prospect. There are numerous ways in which the progression of the illness can be delayed, allowing for extended independence and better quality of life for the patients. As long as an effective diagnosis is made early in its course, the illness can be deferred to allow for more comfort and less severe symptoms for patients for as long as possible.
If you recognize any of the symptoms in yourself, visit your physician immediately for testing and examination. Do not feel reluctant to visit the physician, as this could genuinely improve your quality of life significantly over the coming years and months. There is also a fair amount of support out there for you during this difficult time, so go out and seek the help you need. Embrace your condition, and live your life to its fullest, remaining active in the community and pursue your passions, to keep you well for as long as possible.
About the Author
Clive Jenkins recommends the Alzheimers Help Online website which provides comprehensive information on all aspects of Alzheimers Disease. To find articles, tips and free advice check out the site here: http://www.alzheimershelponline.com
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/the-difficulty-in-alzheimers-diagnosis.html
It is thought that there are a number of factors which may help in forming an Alzheimers diagnosis, such as family history and any previous serious head injuries, which may indicate a likelihood of the condition. If you are experiencing any of the key symptoms, primarily dementia, it is a good idea to consult your doctor immediately. That way, you can be sure to rule out other conditions and begin a course of treatment for your diagnosed condition. For diagnostic purposes it is also highly beneficial to be handled by a specialist with first hand experience and hopefully even research interests in the condition and other similar conditions to aid in the Alzheimer's diagnosis.
Likely indicators which would lead to an Alzheimers diagnosis are dementia as establish by means of examination, a progressing decline in movement and movement capabilities, undisturbed consciousness and the absence of brain diseases which could cause similar symptoms. These will all be fairly easy to asses and draw conclusion for an expert in the field using his professional judgement. Additionally, if there is a behavioural change, and a family history of the condition, this may also go to suggest its presence within a patient, leading the physician to his Alzheimers diagnosis.
Through simple examination, the physician can gain a better understanding of the patient's condition, leading him to realise the nature of his illness and perhaps even help draw conclusion based on his professional opinion. Although the diagnosis can never be a 100% certainty, more experienced physicians will be able to diagnose with more accuracy, and eventually be able to recognize recurring signs in patients suffering from the condition.
Although traumatic by its very nature, the diagnosis of Alzheimers doesn't have be a demoralizing prospect. There are numerous ways in which the progression of the illness can be delayed, allowing for extended independence and better quality of life for the patients. As long as an effective diagnosis is made early in its course, the illness can be deferred to allow for more comfort and less severe symptoms for patients for as long as possible.
If you recognize any of the symptoms in yourself, visit your physician immediately for testing and examination. Do not feel reluctant to visit the physician, as this could genuinely improve your quality of life significantly over the coming years and months. There is also a fair amount of support out there for you during this difficult time, so go out and seek the help you need. Embrace your condition, and live your life to its fullest, remaining active in the community and pursue your passions, to keep you well for as long as possible.
About the Author
Clive Jenkins recommends the Alzheimers Help Online website which provides comprehensive information on all aspects of Alzheimers Disease. To find articles, tips and free advice check out the site here: http://www.alzheimershelponline.com
http://www.give-me-articles.com/health/diseases-and-conditions/the-difficulty-in-alzheimers-diagnosis.html
High Cholesterol
High Cholesterol is a very common diagnosis by doctors nowadays when dealing with patients. Cholesterol has been identified as to increase the risk of heart diseases. But what is Cholesterol at all?
Cholesterol is a substance produced by the human liver. The body produces Cholesterol to build up acids that help with the digestion of fat that we eat with our meals. Cholesterol is also supposed to build and repair cell. It is also part of the process to produce estrogens and the testosterone hormone. Most people affected by high Cholesterol have never heard of what Cholesterol is and what it does.
Cholesterol plays an important role for the human body. So, how can this substance turn itself into something that puts your health at danger? As with almost everything in life Cholesterol only does a good job when available in certain limits. If these limits get pushed high up (= high Cholesterol) it turns itself into something putting your health at risk. High Cholesterol has been proven to clog up arteries which again can lead to stroke and heart attack. Statistics show that about 500,000 of the US population die through heart disease related incidents. Once diagnosed with high Cholesterol and taking appropriate action the risk of heart attack can be reduced by up to 40%.
Cholesterol Symptoms
For most patients it is surprising to learn that there are no external visible symptoms to diagnose a high level of Cholesterol. A blood test is needed to identify high Cholesterol appropriately. However, if diagnosed with certain medical conditions it could be a sign of high Cholesterol. Those medical conditions include (but are not limited to) coronary disease, vascular disease or stroke.
How to lower high Cholesterol
If a blood test shows that your cholesterol levels are too high, your doctor will recommend immediate action. Depending on the severity of the problem this can be a special diet combined with physical exercise or the use of medication. Overall the patient should start using a low Cholesterol diet and plan doing this for the long term. A low Cholesterol diet is based on food which is low in saturated fat. Food groups recommended to be used on a low Cholesterol diet include (but are not limited to) skinless poultry, lean meat, certain fish, fruits, vegetables, whole grain foods and low fat dairy products.
Meals should be prepared by steaming, grilling, boiling or baking. Fried food items are to be avoided.
Blood tests to get the Cholesterol values are supposed to be done every 3 years for healthy people. Patients diagnosed with high Cholesterol will have to expect more frequent blood testing to verify success of medication and diet.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Cholesterol is a substance produced by the human liver. The body produces Cholesterol to build up acids that help with the digestion of fat that we eat with our meals. Cholesterol is also supposed to build and repair cell. It is also part of the process to produce estrogens and the testosterone hormone. Most people affected by high Cholesterol have never heard of what Cholesterol is and what it does.
Cholesterol plays an important role for the human body. So, how can this substance turn itself into something that puts your health at danger? As with almost everything in life Cholesterol only does a good job when available in certain limits. If these limits get pushed high up (= high Cholesterol) it turns itself into something putting your health at risk. High Cholesterol has been proven to clog up arteries which again can lead to stroke and heart attack. Statistics show that about 500,000 of the US population die through heart disease related incidents. Once diagnosed with high Cholesterol and taking appropriate action the risk of heart attack can be reduced by up to 40%.
Cholesterol Symptoms
For most patients it is surprising to learn that there are no external visible symptoms to diagnose a high level of Cholesterol. A blood test is needed to identify high Cholesterol appropriately. However, if diagnosed with certain medical conditions it could be a sign of high Cholesterol. Those medical conditions include (but are not limited to) coronary disease, vascular disease or stroke.
How to lower high Cholesterol
If a blood test shows that your cholesterol levels are too high, your doctor will recommend immediate action. Depending on the severity of the problem this can be a special diet combined with physical exercise or the use of medication. Overall the patient should start using a low Cholesterol diet and plan doing this for the long term. A low Cholesterol diet is based on food which is low in saturated fat. Food groups recommended to be used on a low Cholesterol diet include (but are not limited to) skinless poultry, lean meat, certain fish, fruits, vegetables, whole grain foods and low fat dairy products.
Meals should be prepared by steaming, grilling, boiling or baking. Fried food items are to be avoided.
Blood tests to get the Cholesterol values are supposed to be done every 3 years for healthy people. Patients diagnosed with high Cholesterol will have to expect more frequent blood testing to verify success of medication and diet.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Peritoneal Mesothelioma Diagnosis
The diagnosis for Peritoneal Mesothelioma begins with the thorough review of the patient’s medical history to determine symptoms and any past asbestos exposure, as well as a complete physical. In addition, sometimes physicians might request an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan or an X-ray of the abdomen or chest region to help determine the location and size of the tumor. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed, clearly depicting the areas affected with the tumor.
In cases of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, fluid (effusion) may collect in the chest or abdominal region. In such cases, physicians may use a procedure known as fine needle aspiration to obtain a sample of this fluid for further testing. In addition, this procedure can be used to drain the effusion to temporarily relieve chest pain or other painful symptoms.
Usually, a biopsy of the tumor is required to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma, however, sometimes only an effusion sample is needed. Some of the procedures commonly used for the diagnosis of the peritoneal mesothelioma include peritoneoscopy, thoracoscopy, and biopsy. With peritoneoscopy, the doctor will use a tool called a peritoneoscope, which is placed inside an opening made in the patient's abdomen. Fluid, if found, is then drained; the process of draining the fluid is called paracentesis, and it requires a needle to be placed inside the abdomen in order to extract the fluid.
In thoracoscopy a doctor uses a special instrument called a thoracoscope in order to examine the patient's chest cavity. An incision is made in the chest wall, and the thoracoscope is placed between the patient's ribs. If the fluid is found in the chest, the doctor drains it from the chest cavity through a needle. A thoracoscopy commonly requires an anesthetic or some other form of pain suppression.
In a biopsy, if cancerous tissue is found in the patient's lungs or abdomen it will be extracted and examined by the doctor. This process helps the doctor determine potential ways of treatment and is usually done during one of the other two processes or may require additional surgery.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
In cases of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, fluid (effusion) may collect in the chest or abdominal region. In such cases, physicians may use a procedure known as fine needle aspiration to obtain a sample of this fluid for further testing. In addition, this procedure can be used to drain the effusion to temporarily relieve chest pain or other painful symptoms.
Usually, a biopsy of the tumor is required to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma, however, sometimes only an effusion sample is needed. Some of the procedures commonly used for the diagnosis of the peritoneal mesothelioma include peritoneoscopy, thoracoscopy, and biopsy. With peritoneoscopy, the doctor will use a tool called a peritoneoscope, which is placed inside an opening made in the patient's abdomen. Fluid, if found, is then drained; the process of draining the fluid is called paracentesis, and it requires a needle to be placed inside the abdomen in order to extract the fluid.
In thoracoscopy a doctor uses a special instrument called a thoracoscope in order to examine the patient's chest cavity. An incision is made in the chest wall, and the thoracoscope is placed between the patient's ribs. If the fluid is found in the chest, the doctor drains it from the chest cavity through a needle. A thoracoscopy commonly requires an anesthetic or some other form of pain suppression.
In a biopsy, if cancerous tissue is found in the patient's lungs or abdomen it will be extracted and examined by the doctor. This process helps the doctor determine potential ways of treatment and is usually done during one of the other two processes or may require additional surgery.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Mesothelioma Diagnosis: An Introduction
A physician may suspect malignant mesothelioma in a patient who has symptoms suggesting this cancer and who reports a history of asbestos exposure. Careful medical examination may also reveal the presence of fluid in the pleural or abdominal cavity. Once malignant mesothelioma is suspected, a number of methods are available to help confirm the diagnosis.
Imaging methods, such as x-rays, CT scans, MRIs and PET scans, help determine the location, size and extent of the cancer, and specifically detect pleural or peritoneal thickening, fluid in the pleural or abdominal cavity, or nodules of cancer cells. However, a definitive diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma can only be made after the examination of cells from abnormal tissue.
A biopsy of abnormal tissue is performed to find out whether the cells in this tissue are cancerous or not. Such tissue can be removed through minimally invasive surgery. Fluid in the pleural or abdominal cavity may also contain cancer cells, and may also be removed for analysis. Cells from abnormal tissue or fluid are examined under the microscope, and can be identified as normal or cancerous. However, such examination does not necessarily confirm the type of cancer. Cells found in pleural mesotheliomas can resemble lung cancer cells, and cells found in peritoneal mesotheliomas can resemble ovarian cancer cells. To differentiate between these different forms of cancer, a method called immunohistochemistry is often used. This method detects proteins on the surface of cancer cells that are specific to certain types of cancers. A newer method called DNA microarray analysis examines the genes of cancer cells. Malignant mesothelioma cancer cells have different gene patterns from other cancer cells and from normal cells.
While no blood tests confirm a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, there are certain blood abnormalities that suggest the presence of a cancer. Recent research suggests that elevated levels of a blood protein called osteopontin may help in the early detection of mesothelioma.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Imaging methods, such as x-rays, CT scans, MRIs and PET scans, help determine the location, size and extent of the cancer, and specifically detect pleural or peritoneal thickening, fluid in the pleural or abdominal cavity, or nodules of cancer cells. However, a definitive diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma can only be made after the examination of cells from abnormal tissue.
A biopsy of abnormal tissue is performed to find out whether the cells in this tissue are cancerous or not. Such tissue can be removed through minimally invasive surgery. Fluid in the pleural or abdominal cavity may also contain cancer cells, and may also be removed for analysis. Cells from abnormal tissue or fluid are examined under the microscope, and can be identified as normal or cancerous. However, such examination does not necessarily confirm the type of cancer. Cells found in pleural mesotheliomas can resemble lung cancer cells, and cells found in peritoneal mesotheliomas can resemble ovarian cancer cells. To differentiate between these different forms of cancer, a method called immunohistochemistry is often used. This method detects proteins on the surface of cancer cells that are specific to certain types of cancers. A newer method called DNA microarray analysis examines the genes of cancer cells. Malignant mesothelioma cancer cells have different gene patterns from other cancer cells and from normal cells.
While no blood tests confirm a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, there are certain blood abnormalities that suggest the presence of a cancer. Recent research suggests that elevated levels of a blood protein called osteopontin may help in the early detection of mesothelioma.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Your Mesothelioma Diagnosis: What’s Next
In order to cope with a diagnosis of Mesothelioma, it is crucial to know three important facts about this disease. First, one needs to know what Mesothelioma is. Second, it is imperative to know what causes this deadly cancer. Lastly, one must know as much as possible about the three forms of Mesothelioma. They are Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that is attributed to repeated exposure to asbestos. Individuals most susceptible for developing Mesothelioma are those who work in shipyards, asbestos mines, manufacture asbestos products, and those employed in the heating and construction trades. Mesothelioma does not usually become evident until 20 to 60 years after exposure to asbestos.
Mesothelioma gets its name from the word mesothelium. The mesothelium is the protective lining that covers and helps to protect most of the body's internal organs. This form of cancer invades the mesothelium. Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma are aggressive forms of cancer that attack the protective lining of the lungs, abdomen and heart, respectively. Pleural Mesothelioma is the most prevalent form of Mesothelioma. It presents itself in the Pleura, or lining of the inside of the chest that house the lungs. When asbestos is mined, manufactured or disturbed, asbestos particles escape into the air. These particles are easily inhaled or swallowed. Over an extended period of time, these inhaled and ingested asbestos particles may eventually cause normal cells in the Pleura to become abnormal, causing Pleural Mesothelioma.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma is a more rare form of Mesothelioma. This type of cancer originates in the Peritoneum or the membranous lining of the abdomen that encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas. Peritoneal Mesothelioma accounts for less than a quarter of all Mesothelioma cases.
Pericardial Mesothelioma is a cancer invades the Pericardium, or the membrane that surrounds the heart. This condition causes severe heart problems, and most people who contract this asbestos-related cancer eventually die from heart failure.
The Pleura is thought to be most susceptible to Mesothelioma. Due to this membrane surrounding the lungs it is in direct contact with asbestos fibers when inhaled. This would explain why Pleural Mesothelioma is the most common form of this deadly cancer.
It has been suggested that when asbestos-containing fibers are ingested or inhaled they can be picked up by the lymph nodes and spread to other parts of the body. This may account for cases of Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma.
Chronic exposure to asbestos, after a latency period of approximately 20 to 60 years, can cause Mesothelioma. If you have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma it is imperative to know what it is, what causes it and its three major forms; Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma. Once you know what form of this asbestos related cancer you are up against it will aid you in seeking appropriate treatment options.
In addition to seeking aggressive medical treatment, you need to find out the cause of your asbestos-related cancer. Since all three forms are caused by contact with asbestos, think back on all the jobs you've had, and where you were exposed to asbestos. Next, seek the advice of an attorney who is familiar with litigating Mesothelioma lawsuits. Your attorney will help you in documenting your exposure to asbestos even if it occurred many years ago, and also documenting the physical and emotional damage that your diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma or Pericardial Mesothelioma has caused for you.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that is attributed to repeated exposure to asbestos. Individuals most susceptible for developing Mesothelioma are those who work in shipyards, asbestos mines, manufacture asbestos products, and those employed in the heating and construction trades. Mesothelioma does not usually become evident until 20 to 60 years after exposure to asbestos.
Mesothelioma gets its name from the word mesothelium. The mesothelium is the protective lining that covers and helps to protect most of the body's internal organs. This form of cancer invades the mesothelium. Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma are aggressive forms of cancer that attack the protective lining of the lungs, abdomen and heart, respectively. Pleural Mesothelioma is the most prevalent form of Mesothelioma. It presents itself in the Pleura, or lining of the inside of the chest that house the lungs. When asbestos is mined, manufactured or disturbed, asbestos particles escape into the air. These particles are easily inhaled or swallowed. Over an extended period of time, these inhaled and ingested asbestos particles may eventually cause normal cells in the Pleura to become abnormal, causing Pleural Mesothelioma.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma is a more rare form of Mesothelioma. This type of cancer originates in the Peritoneum or the membranous lining of the abdomen that encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas. Peritoneal Mesothelioma accounts for less than a quarter of all Mesothelioma cases.
Pericardial Mesothelioma is a cancer invades the Pericardium, or the membrane that surrounds the heart. This condition causes severe heart problems, and most people who contract this asbestos-related cancer eventually die from heart failure.
The Pleura is thought to be most susceptible to Mesothelioma. Due to this membrane surrounding the lungs it is in direct contact with asbestos fibers when inhaled. This would explain why Pleural Mesothelioma is the most common form of this deadly cancer.
It has been suggested that when asbestos-containing fibers are ingested or inhaled they can be picked up by the lymph nodes and spread to other parts of the body. This may account for cases of Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma.
Chronic exposure to asbestos, after a latency period of approximately 20 to 60 years, can cause Mesothelioma. If you have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma it is imperative to know what it is, what causes it and its three major forms; Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma and Pericardial Mesothelioma. Once you know what form of this asbestos related cancer you are up against it will aid you in seeking appropriate treatment options.
In addition to seeking aggressive medical treatment, you need to find out the cause of your asbestos-related cancer. Since all three forms are caused by contact with asbestos, think back on all the jobs you've had, and where you were exposed to asbestos. Next, seek the advice of an attorney who is familiar with litigating Mesothelioma lawsuits. Your attorney will help you in documenting your exposure to asbestos even if it occurred many years ago, and also documenting the physical and emotional damage that your diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Mesothelioma or Pericardial Mesothelioma has caused for you.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Friday, February 16, 2007
Mesothelioma - Gain The Cancer Facts To Become Aware Of
Diagnosis
Confirming if Mesothelioma is present is done through a biopsy, performed by an oncologist or even a doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer pathologies, removes a small sample of tissue from a patient and examines it using a microscope. Difficulty breathing, abdominal and chest pain, and fever can all be attributed to other causes, so this cancer can have the time to advance fairly well before diagnosis of the disease.
Because of the difficulty in diagnosing mesothelioma, the survival time after diagnosis is estimated at about one year. The time that occurs between exposure and the start of the disease, and the rate at which it progresses, makes diagnosis extremely difficult. Early diagnosis is thus crucial in treating this particular form of cancer.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Mesothelioma may not appear for up to 30 to 50 years after exposure.
Anyone who has been exposed to this type of asbestos may not have any kind of symptoms for up to forty years. An individual may visit a doctor numerous times with the symptoms but they are more often considered as respiratory infections. The non-specific symptoms can make it difficult for even experienced doctors to make a quick and conclusive diagnosis of mesothelioma patients.
Take note that these symptoms may be due to other reasons also. If you have a tumor in the pleura, which is the membrane surrounding the lungs, other symptoms that can occur are chest pain, coughing and a difficulty with breathing. The outer and inner layers of the pleura can become thickened. The most common Mesothelioma symptoms is a shortness of breath and pain in the chest region.
Peritoneal mesothelioma can also include other uncomfortable symptoms like bowel obstruction, clotting of the blood, anemia or fever. This is why diagnosis of Mesothelioma cancer is very difficult in many cases, because its symptoms may be associated with other diseases too.
Cause
If this chemical is inhaled, it can be extremely toxic and thus cause this type of cancer. As asbestos fibers are released into the air they can be inhaled or digested which can cause the cancer. When asbestos fibres accumulate in the peritoneum (which is the lining of the abdomen) this can lead to peritoneal mesothelioma and the building up of fibres around the tissue of the heart causing pericardial mesothelioma.
If asbestos fibres accumulate in the lining of the lungs this can result in cells nearby becoming deformed eventually resulting in what is called pleural mesothelioma.
Pleural mesothelioma is a rare disease which attacks the lining of the lung and chest cavity and is usually cancerous, caused as a result of asbestos exposure and it could take 15 to 35 years to develop the disease, from the time of the asbestos exposure. Smoking does not cause it. The only known, established cause of Mesothelioma is asbestos.
To repeat, the primary cause of mesothelioma cancer is linked to exposure to asbestos fibers which are breathed into the lungs or swallowed.
http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Confirming if Mesothelioma is present is done through a biopsy, performed by an oncologist or even a doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer pathologies, removes a small sample of tissue from a patient and examines it using a microscope. Difficulty breathing, abdominal and chest pain, and fever can all be attributed to other causes, so this cancer can have the time to advance fairly well before diagnosis of the disease.
Because of the difficulty in diagnosing mesothelioma, the survival time after diagnosis is estimated at about one year. The time that occurs between exposure and the start of the disease, and the rate at which it progresses, makes diagnosis extremely difficult. Early diagnosis is thus crucial in treating this particular form of cancer.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Mesothelioma may not appear for up to 30 to 50 years after exposure.
Anyone who has been exposed to this type of asbestos may not have any kind of symptoms for up to forty years. An individual may visit a doctor numerous times with the symptoms but they are more often considered as respiratory infections. The non-specific symptoms can make it difficult for even experienced doctors to make a quick and conclusive diagnosis of mesothelioma patients.
Take note that these symptoms may be due to other reasons also. If you have a tumor in the pleura, which is the membrane surrounding the lungs, other symptoms that can occur are chest pain, coughing and a difficulty with breathing. The outer and inner layers of the pleura can become thickened. The most common Mesothelioma symptoms is a shortness of breath and pain in the chest region.
Peritoneal mesothelioma can also include other uncomfortable symptoms like bowel obstruction, clotting of the blood, anemia or fever. This is why diagnosis of Mesothelioma cancer is very difficult in many cases, because its symptoms may be associated with other diseases too.
Cause
If this chemical is inhaled, it can be extremely toxic and thus cause this type of cancer. As asbestos fibers are released into the air they can be inhaled or digested which can cause the cancer. When asbestos fibres accumulate in the peritoneum (which is the lining of the abdomen) this can lead to peritoneal mesothelioma and the building up of fibres around the tissue of the heart causing pericardial mesothelioma.
If asbestos fibres accumulate in the lining of the lungs this can result in cells nearby becoming deformed eventually resulting in what is called pleural mesothelioma.
Pleural mesothelioma is a rare disease which attacks the lining of the lung and chest cavity and is usually cancerous, caused as a result of asbestos exposure and it could take 15 to 35 years to develop the disease, from the time of the asbestos exposure. Smoking does not cause it. The only known, established cause of Mesothelioma is asbestos.
To repeat, the primary cause of mesothelioma cancer is linked to exposure to asbestos fibers which are breathed into the lungs or swallowed.
http://www.ArticleBiz.com
Thursday, February 15, 2007
Diagnosing Spells: Fits, Faints and More
Spells. Things that go bump in the night. Such events are medical mysteries in need of solving. As a consulting neurologist, I've learned that part of my job is to be a "phenomenologist." To explain, if possible, the unexplained. To puzzle out mystery-symptoms and odd phenomena.
And one of the hardest (but most intellectually stimulating) diagnoses to make is that of "spells." That's what I call episodes that come and go, that have a beginning and an end—and something unusual in between. The basic process of diagnosing spells should be familiar to anyone who has taken a squeaking car to a mechanic. The one time that the car doesn't squeak is when the mechanic is inspecting it. So the mechanic has to make an analysis based on what you describe.
The same thing occurs in diagnosing people with spells. When an attack occurs in front of a doctor, it's usually easy to diagnose. But that almost never happens. Usually, all we have to go on is the description, or, hopefully, two descriptions—one from the person who had the spell and a second from someone else who was there to witness it.
Methodically, each of the two accounts is broken down into three parts—the events leading up to the attack, the attack itself, and what happened afterwards. Each account, taken one at a time, is based on what that person actually saw, heard and could remember, reported in a way particular to that person's abilities to observe and articulate. To make matters more challenging, the patient who had the attack often has significant gaps in their memory.
The list of potential underlying causes—what I think of as the differential diagnosis of things that come and go—spans multiple medical disciplines and is almost as broad as medicine itself. For example, let's assemble just a short list of conditions that can occur as episodic symptoms: seizures, pseudoseizures (seizure-like attacks of psychological origin), fainting spells, hypoglycemia, panic attacks, irregular heartbeats, dissociations, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), migraine and vertigo.
What a list! It includes items from the fields of neurology, cardiology, psychiatry, endocrinology and otorhinolaryngology . And a physician is likely to run into each of these conditions at one time or another. Unfortunately for the purposes of diagnosis, patients don't arrive at clinics wearing signs around their necks saying, "I have a psychiatric condition," or, "My symptoms are due to my heart." All they know is that they have a problem they need help with.
Much of medical diagnosis is "pattern fitting" in which the patient's story is matched up against typical stories told by patients with different, identified conditions, and the best fit wins. Or, said another way: if it looks like a duck, walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck.
But what if it looks like a duck, walks like a goose and gobbles like a turkey? What is it then? Well, that's what we call an outlier or atypical case, and we just do the best we can.
Medical tests are available for some of these conditions, like an electroencephalogram (EEG) for seizure cases, a 5-hour glucose tolerance test for hypoglycemia, and prolonged cardiac monitoring for irregular heartbeats. But each of these tests has its own strengths, weaknesses, and blind-spots that need to be figured into the diagnosis. (For example, an EEG might be normal in a patient who really does have seizures.) Then, for some of the conditions—like panic attacks, migraines and pseudoseizures—corroborating tests don't even exist.
Sometimes the available data permit a confident diagnosis and a specific treatment. In other cases the data allow one to narrow the possibilities to a short list, but not a single, final, definitive diagnosis. What then?
Sometimes watchful waiting is what's called for, also known as tincture of time. Once every obtainable clue has been assembled and they're still not enough to permit a firm diagnosis, then perhaps the best clue just hasn't happened yet and needs to be waited for.
Depending on which items are still on the diagnostic short-list, treatment might still be possible. For example, in a case in which it can't be decided if a patient has seizures, pseudoseizures, or both, it might be reasonable to try a decent dose of a good seizure-preventing drug, and watch to see if anything changes for the better.
Reading about inexactness in medical diagnosis might make some people uneasy. Perhaps it would be more comforting to believe that "a series of tests" could prove any diagnosis. For many conditions I'm sure that's exactly what happensFree Articles, but it doesn't seem to be true for things that go bump in the night.
(C) 2005 by Gary Cordingley
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gary Cordingley, MD, PhD, is a clinical neurologist, teacher and researcher. For more health-related articles see his website at:
http://www.cordingleyneurology.com
And one of the hardest (but most intellectually stimulating) diagnoses to make is that of "spells." That's what I call episodes that come and go, that have a beginning and an end—and something unusual in between. The basic process of diagnosing spells should be familiar to anyone who has taken a squeaking car to a mechanic. The one time that the car doesn't squeak is when the mechanic is inspecting it. So the mechanic has to make an analysis based on what you describe.
The same thing occurs in diagnosing people with spells. When an attack occurs in front of a doctor, it's usually easy to diagnose. But that almost never happens. Usually, all we have to go on is the description, or, hopefully, two descriptions—one from the person who had the spell and a second from someone else who was there to witness it.
Methodically, each of the two accounts is broken down into three parts—the events leading up to the attack, the attack itself, and what happened afterwards. Each account, taken one at a time, is based on what that person actually saw, heard and could remember, reported in a way particular to that person's abilities to observe and articulate. To make matters more challenging, the patient who had the attack often has significant gaps in their memory.
The list of potential underlying causes—what I think of as the differential diagnosis of things that come and go—spans multiple medical disciplines and is almost as broad as medicine itself. For example, let's assemble just a short list of conditions that can occur as episodic symptoms: seizures, pseudoseizures (seizure-like attacks of psychological origin), fainting spells, hypoglycemia, panic attacks, irregular heartbeats, dissociations, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), migraine and vertigo.
What a list! It includes items from the fields of neurology, cardiology, psychiatry, endocrinology and otorhinolaryngology . And a physician is likely to run into each of these conditions at one time or another. Unfortunately for the purposes of diagnosis, patients don't arrive at clinics wearing signs around their necks saying, "I have a psychiatric condition," or, "My symptoms are due to my heart." All they know is that they have a problem they need help with.
Much of medical diagnosis is "pattern fitting" in which the patient's story is matched up against typical stories told by patients with different, identified conditions, and the best fit wins. Or, said another way: if it looks like a duck, walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck.
But what if it looks like a duck, walks like a goose and gobbles like a turkey? What is it then? Well, that's what we call an outlier or atypical case, and we just do the best we can.
Medical tests are available for some of these conditions, like an electroencephalogram (EEG) for seizure cases, a 5-hour glucose tolerance test for hypoglycemia, and prolonged cardiac monitoring for irregular heartbeats. But each of these tests has its own strengths, weaknesses, and blind-spots that need to be figured into the diagnosis. (For example, an EEG might be normal in a patient who really does have seizures.) Then, for some of the conditions—like panic attacks, migraines and pseudoseizures—corroborating tests don't even exist.
Sometimes the available data permit a confident diagnosis and a specific treatment. In other cases the data allow one to narrow the possibilities to a short list, but not a single, final, definitive diagnosis. What then?
Sometimes watchful waiting is what's called for, also known as tincture of time. Once every obtainable clue has been assembled and they're still not enough to permit a firm diagnosis, then perhaps the best clue just hasn't happened yet and needs to be waited for.
Depending on which items are still on the diagnostic short-list, treatment might still be possible. For example, in a case in which it can't be decided if a patient has seizures, pseudoseizures, or both, it might be reasonable to try a decent dose of a good seizure-preventing drug, and watch to see if anything changes for the better.
Reading about inexactness in medical diagnosis might make some people uneasy. Perhaps it would be more comforting to believe that "a series of tests" could prove any diagnosis. For many conditions I'm sure that's exactly what happensFree Articles, but it doesn't seem to be true for things that go bump in the night.
(C) 2005 by Gary Cordingley
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gary Cordingley, MD, PhD, is a clinical neurologist, teacher and researcher. For more health-related articles see his website at:
http://www.cordingleyneurology.com
Objective Of Drug Rehab, Alcohol Rehab and Dual Diagnosis Programs
The main objective of drug rehab programs is to free you from the bondage of drug abuse and alcoholism. These programs help you to discover newer ways to live without the use of drugs and/or alcohol.
Different drug rehab, alcohol rehab and dual diagnosis programs offer various types of addiction recovery programs to treat the disease. Here is some information that may help you for selecting the right drug rehab program or dual diagnosis treatment center.
Consult a good addiction treatment specialist for finding a suitable dual diagnosis program or alcohol rehab. Doctors and drug rehab specialists will study your case and conduct certain tests on you to find out a suitable drug rehab program for you. Every individual has a unique history to the disease. Hence, the drug rehab program or alcohol rehab program must be tailor-made to suit your case.
Generally, the drug rehab programs and alcohol rehab programs include services such as inpatient detox, residential treatment, medication, diet, exercise, counseling, and community activity.
Depending upon your case, doctors will recommend the services that need to be included in the alcohol rehab program designed for you. The doctors would advise you to join either the "outpatient addiction treatment program" or the "residential inpatient treatment program" depending on your intensity of dependency. Here are some details about both the options.
Outpatient Drug Rehab or Alcohol Rehab Program
If you do not have a long history of alcoholism or drug abuse, an outpatient addiction recovery treatment program might be the correct option. You might need counseling and guidance as a part of your treatment.
Outpatient addiction recovery programs are a suitable option for the treatment of the disease at its early stage. This program is recommended for those individuals, whose occupational and family environments are intact and for those who demonstrate a high degree of commitment to quit alcohol. This program provides adequate support service for your day-to-day life. Inpatient Drug Rehab, Alcohol Rehab or Dual Diagnosis Program
If you have experienced a long period of drug abuse or alcohol abuse, doctors might recommend a inpatient alcohol rehab program or inpatient drug rehab program The inpatient drug rehab and alcohol rehab program provides 24-hour support and it is highly effective. If you need help locating a drug rehab or alcohol rehab program you can go to www.recoveryconnection.org or call the national alcohol abuse helpline at 1-800-511-9225. If you are looking for a gay alcohol rehab programArticle Search, go to www.gay-rehab.com.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Huttner is an owner of Lakeview Health Systems which specializes in the treatment of drug addiction, alcohol addiction and dual diagnosis.
Different drug rehab, alcohol rehab and dual diagnosis programs offer various types of addiction recovery programs to treat the disease. Here is some information that may help you for selecting the right drug rehab program or dual diagnosis treatment center.
Consult a good addiction treatment specialist for finding a suitable dual diagnosis program or alcohol rehab. Doctors and drug rehab specialists will study your case and conduct certain tests on you to find out a suitable drug rehab program for you. Every individual has a unique history to the disease. Hence, the drug rehab program or alcohol rehab program must be tailor-made to suit your case.
Generally, the drug rehab programs and alcohol rehab programs include services such as inpatient detox, residential treatment, medication, diet, exercise, counseling, and community activity.
Depending upon your case, doctors will recommend the services that need to be included in the alcohol rehab program designed for you. The doctors would advise you to join either the "outpatient addiction treatment program" or the "residential inpatient treatment program" depending on your intensity of dependency. Here are some details about both the options.
Outpatient Drug Rehab or Alcohol Rehab Program
If you do not have a long history of alcoholism or drug abuse, an outpatient addiction recovery treatment program might be the correct option. You might need counseling and guidance as a part of your treatment.
Outpatient addiction recovery programs are a suitable option for the treatment of the disease at its early stage. This program is recommended for those individuals, whose occupational and family environments are intact and for those who demonstrate a high degree of commitment to quit alcohol. This program provides adequate support service for your day-to-day life. Inpatient Drug Rehab, Alcohol Rehab or Dual Diagnosis Program
If you have experienced a long period of drug abuse or alcohol abuse, doctors might recommend a inpatient alcohol rehab program or inpatient drug rehab program The inpatient drug rehab and alcohol rehab program provides 24-hour support and it is highly effective. If you need help locating a drug rehab or alcohol rehab program you can go to www.recoveryconnection.org or call the national alcohol abuse helpline at 1-800-511-9225. If you are looking for a gay alcohol rehab programArticle Search, go to www.gay-rehab.com.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Huttner is an owner of Lakeview Health Systems which specializes in the treatment of drug addiction, alcohol addiction and dual diagnosis.
Which Addiction Treatment Programs Offer Dual Diagnosis Treatment Services
Drug addiction and alcoholism are commonly associated with mental disorders. According to one estimate, in any given year about 10 million individuals suffer from drug addiction, alcoholism and mental disorders across the United States.
Nevertheless, treatment for dual diagnosis has been administered in separate services--a separation that has its roots planted in days of old.
Redesigning addiction treatment and psychiatric services
There have been attempts in recent years to address this problem by restructuring and integrating addiction treatment services and psychiatric services. One such attempt is the implementation of specialized dual diagnosis treatment programs, where, ideally, treatment can be provided in one facility. Currently a large proportion of mental health and addiction treatment facilities offer such dual diagnosis programs, perhaps indicating that change is upon us.
Improvement in Dual Diagnosis Treatment Programs
Despite the enthusiastic reception of these dual diagnosis programs in various settings, empirical evaluations of some of the earlier treatment programs in mental health settings produced equivocal results. From identified results, one can conclude, that while integration of services for treating dual diagnosis clients is a desirable goal; it is not sufficient. This conclusion is further supported by the growing recognition of the special needs of the dual diagnosis clients. Dual diagnosis is associated with increased vulnerability to occupational and housing instability, victimization, and medical complications such as HIV infection and hepatitis. Meeting the special needs of dual diagnosis clients in these domains requires additional services and, often, intensive case-management--resources that are not available at many substance abuse or addiction treatment programs.
More recent studies of comprehensive dual diagnosis programs in which at least some of these special needs of client are met, have produced encouraging results supporting the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dual diagnosis treatment programs. It is not clear, however, to what extent the dissemination of dual diagnosis programs across various addiction treatment facilities in recent years has been matched by growth of these other needed services.
Know Your Dual Diagnosis Treatment Program
What we do know is that dual diagnosis treatment programs exist in most private drug rehab and alcohol rehab programs today. The merging od addiction treatment services and psychiatric treatment services has made for a much more effective addiction treatment setting. The ability to provide the dual diagnosis patient with detox services for their drug addiction or alcoholism to be followed by a psychiatric evaluation and treatment has opened the road for recovery for many dual diagnosed patients. As with any addiction treatment program that claims to have a dual diagnosis treatment program, take the time to educate yourself as to the comprehensiveness of the dual diagnosis treatment component. If you are not sure what to ask for you can call the dual diagnosis helpline at 1-800-511-9225 and they will assist you. At the bare minimum, the dual diagnosis treatment component should have a competent psychiatrist, trained in addiction medicine. If you are looking for a dual diagnosis treatment program, I would suggest looking at www.lakeviewhealth.com. In addition to a detox program and dual diagnosis treatment programBusiness Management Articles, Lakeview also has a full compliment of addiction treatment services.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Huttner is a principal with Lakeview Health Systems, an addiction treatment program which speiclazes in dual diagnosis treatment.
Nevertheless, treatment for dual diagnosis has been administered in separate services--a separation that has its roots planted in days of old.
Redesigning addiction treatment and psychiatric services
There have been attempts in recent years to address this problem by restructuring and integrating addiction treatment services and psychiatric services. One such attempt is the implementation of specialized dual diagnosis treatment programs, where, ideally, treatment can be provided in one facility. Currently a large proportion of mental health and addiction treatment facilities offer such dual diagnosis programs, perhaps indicating that change is upon us.
Improvement in Dual Diagnosis Treatment Programs
Despite the enthusiastic reception of these dual diagnosis programs in various settings, empirical evaluations of some of the earlier treatment programs in mental health settings produced equivocal results. From identified results, one can conclude, that while integration of services for treating dual diagnosis clients is a desirable goal; it is not sufficient. This conclusion is further supported by the growing recognition of the special needs of the dual diagnosis clients. Dual diagnosis is associated with increased vulnerability to occupational and housing instability, victimization, and medical complications such as HIV infection and hepatitis. Meeting the special needs of dual diagnosis clients in these domains requires additional services and, often, intensive case-management--resources that are not available at many substance abuse or addiction treatment programs.
More recent studies of comprehensive dual diagnosis programs in which at least some of these special needs of client are met, have produced encouraging results supporting the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dual diagnosis treatment programs. It is not clear, however, to what extent the dissemination of dual diagnosis programs across various addiction treatment facilities in recent years has been matched by growth of these other needed services.
Know Your Dual Diagnosis Treatment Program
What we do know is that dual diagnosis treatment programs exist in most private drug rehab and alcohol rehab programs today. The merging od addiction treatment services and psychiatric treatment services has made for a much more effective addiction treatment setting. The ability to provide the dual diagnosis patient with detox services for their drug addiction or alcoholism to be followed by a psychiatric evaluation and treatment has opened the road for recovery for many dual diagnosed patients. As with any addiction treatment program that claims to have a dual diagnosis treatment program, take the time to educate yourself as to the comprehensiveness of the dual diagnosis treatment component. If you are not sure what to ask for you can call the dual diagnosis helpline at 1-800-511-9225 and they will assist you. At the bare minimum, the dual diagnosis treatment component should have a competent psychiatrist, trained in addiction medicine. If you are looking for a dual diagnosis treatment program, I would suggest looking at www.lakeviewhealth.com. In addition to a detox program and dual diagnosis treatment programBusiness Management Articles, Lakeview also has a full compliment of addiction treatment services.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Huttner is a principal with Lakeview Health Systems, an addiction treatment program which speiclazes in dual diagnosis treatment.
Impacted Wisdom Teeth: Diagnosis and Treatment
The impacted wisdom teeth often partially erupt at the later ages (45-55). Not only they are difficult to extract at that age, the healing time is much longer.
"Wisdom teeth" are classified as molars. Molars are the chewing teeth found furthest in the back of the mouth. Most humans have first, second, and third molars.
A person's third molars are their wisdom teeth. These teeth come in behind the 2nd molars (if there is necessary room for them and they are aligned properly) usually during a person's late teens or early twenties. In most cultures, this is the ages of maturity, hence the term "wisdom." Usually there are four wisdom teeth: upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right.
In dental terminology an "impacted tooth" refers to a tooth that has failed to arise completely into its expected position. This unfortunate failure to erupt precisely may occur either because there is not space enough in the jaw for the tooth, or because the tooth's angulation is improper. The impacted wisdom teeth often partially erupt at the later ages (45-55). Not only they are difficult to extract at that age, the healing time is much longer.
Dentists use specific terms to describe the positioning of impacted wisdom teeth. There are two ways of describing the "impaction" of the wisdom teeth. The most common way is to describe the direction of the impaction. For example, mesial impaction (also called angular impaction) simply means that the wisdom tooth is angled forward, toward the front of the mouth. Distal impaction means the wisdom tooth is angled toward the throat. Vertical impaction means the tooth is angled toward the head and horizontal impaction means the tooth is pointed sideways.
Alternatively, the impacted teeth can be described according to the degree of impaction. If the tooth is just covered with the gum, it is called soft-tissue impaction. If the tooth is covered by the gum and some of the jaw bone, it is called partial-bony impaction. If the tooth is covered under the gum and all the jaw bone, it is called complete-bony impaction.
The alternative to having wisdom teeth removed is to keep them. A few lucky people are able to retain their wisdom teeth and care for them as they would their other teeth. People with large jaws (blacks and African) can often keep their wisdom teeth because their wisdom teeth have room to erupt properly in the mouth. But for most of us, this isn't possible, and a postponement in their removal can cause grave problems.
The most common problems linked with wisdom teeth include cavities, gum inflammation (pericoronitis), facial abscess (cellulitis), cyst, crowding (occlusal malaligment, and numbess (parathesia). In rare circumstances (about 3-5 in Texas each year), the wisdom teeth's infection can travel downward and cause airway obstruction and sudden death. Moreover, in traditional Chinese medicine, the four wisdom teeth are associated with the four chambers of the heart. A problem with the wisdom teeth creates a "block" in the Meridian (energy) system, leading to heart's trouble.
The wisdom teeth usually cause trouble when the body is under stress such as final exam, moving to new location, and pregnancy. For example, during my oral surgery residency in Houston, I witnessed the single abscess of the lower wisdom tooth led to two deaths--the 35 year-old diabetic pregnant mother and her 6-month-old fetus. The best time for the surgical removal of the wisdom teeth is when they are about 2/3 of the fully developed sizes. This is typically at the ages of late teens or early twenties. Currently, there are two common practices for surgical removal of the wisdom teeth. The most common recommendation is to remove all four under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. Alternatively, you can unilaterally extract one side (upper and lower wisdom teeth), two at a time, 3-6 month apart, under local anesthesia.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
For more information, contact Dr. Nguyen at drnguyen@softdental.com or visit www.softdental.com.
"Wisdom teeth" are classified as molars. Molars are the chewing teeth found furthest in the back of the mouth. Most humans have first, second, and third molars.
A person's third molars are their wisdom teeth. These teeth come in behind the 2nd molars (if there is necessary room for them and they are aligned properly) usually during a person's late teens or early twenties. In most cultures, this is the ages of maturity, hence the term "wisdom." Usually there are four wisdom teeth: upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right.
In dental terminology an "impacted tooth" refers to a tooth that has failed to arise completely into its expected position. This unfortunate failure to erupt precisely may occur either because there is not space enough in the jaw for the tooth, or because the tooth's angulation is improper. The impacted wisdom teeth often partially erupt at the later ages (45-55). Not only they are difficult to extract at that age, the healing time is much longer.
Dentists use specific terms to describe the positioning of impacted wisdom teeth. There are two ways of describing the "impaction" of the wisdom teeth. The most common way is to describe the direction of the impaction. For example, mesial impaction (also called angular impaction) simply means that the wisdom tooth is angled forward, toward the front of the mouth. Distal impaction means the wisdom tooth is angled toward the throat. Vertical impaction means the tooth is angled toward the head and horizontal impaction means the tooth is pointed sideways.
Alternatively, the impacted teeth can be described according to the degree of impaction. If the tooth is just covered with the gum, it is called soft-tissue impaction. If the tooth is covered by the gum and some of the jaw bone, it is called partial-bony impaction. If the tooth is covered under the gum and all the jaw bone, it is called complete-bony impaction.
The alternative to having wisdom teeth removed is to keep them. A few lucky people are able to retain their wisdom teeth and care for them as they would their other teeth. People with large jaws (blacks and African) can often keep their wisdom teeth because their wisdom teeth have room to erupt properly in the mouth. But for most of us, this isn't possible, and a postponement in their removal can cause grave problems.
The most common problems linked with wisdom teeth include cavities, gum inflammation (pericoronitis), facial abscess (cellulitis), cyst, crowding (occlusal malaligment, and numbess (parathesia). In rare circumstances (about 3-5 in Texas each year), the wisdom teeth's infection can travel downward and cause airway obstruction and sudden death. Moreover, in traditional Chinese medicine, the four wisdom teeth are associated with the four chambers of the heart. A problem with the wisdom teeth creates a "block" in the Meridian (energy) system, leading to heart's trouble.
The wisdom teeth usually cause trouble when the body is under stress such as final exam, moving to new location, and pregnancy. For example, during my oral surgery residency in Houston, I witnessed the single abscess of the lower wisdom tooth led to two deaths--the 35 year-old diabetic pregnant mother and her 6-month-old fetus. The best time for the surgical removal of the wisdom teeth is when they are about 2/3 of the fully developed sizes. This is typically at the ages of late teens or early twenties. Currently, there are two common practices for surgical removal of the wisdom teeth. The most common recommendation is to remove all four under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. Alternatively, you can unilaterally extract one side (upper and lower wisdom teeth), two at a time, 3-6 month apart, under local anesthesia.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
For more information, contact Dr. Nguyen at drnguyen@softdental.com or visit www.softdental.com.
Cure Insomnia - Causes, Types and Diagnosis of Insomnia
The starting point to finding a way to cure insomnia is to understand just what causes insomnia and how to go about diagnosing your insomnia. It's often easy to realize that you're suffering from insomnia but quite another matter to find out why.
If you find it difficult to fall asleep, or to sleep right through the night, then there's a very good chance that you're suffering from insomnia (or to be technical - insomnia sleep disorder).
Insomnia tends to fall into two broad categories. If your sleeping problems tend to come and go and normally only last for a few days at a time then you are said to be suffering from transient insomnia. However, if your insomnia persists and last for more than just a few days, running literally into weeks, then your insomnia is classed as being permanent.
As a general rule, women tend to suffer from insomnia more than men do, almost certainly as a result of the many hormonal changes which women experience. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle, an underlying medical condition or the side effects of prescription medication can also increase the likelihood of insomnia and so the condition is also often seen as increasing with age.
Transient insomnia can result from a variety of different causes including too much stress, traveling across different time zones and environmental factors such as noise or temperature variations of more than a few degrees. Exposure to too much light or to loud or persistent noise, such as traffic or even a partner snoring, can create an environment in which sleep is difficult. Insomnia can even be the result of learned behavior.
In general transient insomnia does not require treatment (in the sense of medical treatment) and the condition will generally remedy itself once you recognize the cause of your insomnia and take a few, usually very simple, steps to remove it.
By contrast, permanent or chronic insomnia can be serious and does require some form of treatment plan. Just how severe a problem your insomnia presents will depend very much on the underlying cause and the first step in the process to cure insomnia is to find out just what is causing it.
One possibility is that your insomnia results from an underlying medical condition which could include hundreds of different possible causes including anxiety, depression, asthma, heart disease, kidney problems, sleep apnea and many more. Your fist port of call therefore should be your doctor because your insomnia cure clearly lies, at least in part, in treating your underlying medical condition.
If the problem is not medical then you need to widen your search and consider other possible causes such as your working pattern (especially true in the case of shift workers), your consumption of alcohol, tea coffee and other drinks and the long term use of medication for existing ailments.
Determining just what is causing your insomnia can be a long process and will often mean selecting one possible cause at a time and addressing that to see if makes a difference, before moving on to the next possibility. However, even though it may take some time, this is a necessary process and, without an obvious cause, it is one step that cannot be avoided.
Diagnosing insomnia is also difficult because the whole subject of sleep itself is subjective. The right amount of sleep for one individual will not necessarily be right for somebody else and determining the extent of a sleep problem in each individual is often a matter for debate. One good way to assess the extent of the problem is to keep a sleep journal and then, based upon the information which you gatherFeature Articles, to assess yourself against a sleep questionnaire or even to seek the help of a sleep specialist who has the tools necessary to help to diagnose your insomnia.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Donald Saunders is the author of a number of health-related publications discussing the problems of sleep and giving detailed advice on using natural remedies to cure insomnia and manage other sleep disorders. For more information on diagnosing insomnia please visit Help-Me-To-Sleep.com
If you find it difficult to fall asleep, or to sleep right through the night, then there's a very good chance that you're suffering from insomnia (or to be technical - insomnia sleep disorder).
Insomnia tends to fall into two broad categories. If your sleeping problems tend to come and go and normally only last for a few days at a time then you are said to be suffering from transient insomnia. However, if your insomnia persists and last for more than just a few days, running literally into weeks, then your insomnia is classed as being permanent.
As a general rule, women tend to suffer from insomnia more than men do, almost certainly as a result of the many hormonal changes which women experience. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle, an underlying medical condition or the side effects of prescription medication can also increase the likelihood of insomnia and so the condition is also often seen as increasing with age.
Transient insomnia can result from a variety of different causes including too much stress, traveling across different time zones and environmental factors such as noise or temperature variations of more than a few degrees. Exposure to too much light or to loud or persistent noise, such as traffic or even a partner snoring, can create an environment in which sleep is difficult. Insomnia can even be the result of learned behavior.
In general transient insomnia does not require treatment (in the sense of medical treatment) and the condition will generally remedy itself once you recognize the cause of your insomnia and take a few, usually very simple, steps to remove it.
By contrast, permanent or chronic insomnia can be serious and does require some form of treatment plan. Just how severe a problem your insomnia presents will depend very much on the underlying cause and the first step in the process to cure insomnia is to find out just what is causing it.
One possibility is that your insomnia results from an underlying medical condition which could include hundreds of different possible causes including anxiety, depression, asthma, heart disease, kidney problems, sleep apnea and many more. Your fist port of call therefore should be your doctor because your insomnia cure clearly lies, at least in part, in treating your underlying medical condition.
If the problem is not medical then you need to widen your search and consider other possible causes such as your working pattern (especially true in the case of shift workers), your consumption of alcohol, tea coffee and other drinks and the long term use of medication for existing ailments.
Determining just what is causing your insomnia can be a long process and will often mean selecting one possible cause at a time and addressing that to see if makes a difference, before moving on to the next possibility. However, even though it may take some time, this is a necessary process and, without an obvious cause, it is one step that cannot be avoided.
Diagnosing insomnia is also difficult because the whole subject of sleep itself is subjective. The right amount of sleep for one individual will not necessarily be right for somebody else and determining the extent of a sleep problem in each individual is often a matter for debate. One good way to assess the extent of the problem is to keep a sleep journal and then, based upon the information which you gatherFeature Articles, to assess yourself against a sleep questionnaire or even to seek the help of a sleep specialist who has the tools necessary to help to diagnose your insomnia.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Donald Saunders is the author of a number of health-related publications discussing the problems of sleep and giving detailed advice on using natural remedies to cure insomnia and manage other sleep disorders. For more information on diagnosing insomnia please visit Help-Me-To-Sleep.com
Wednesday, February 14, 2007
Diagnosis of prostate cancer
If If you are over 55-60 it's can safe your life ! What do you know about Prostate Cancer? Don't go too late to the doctor and take the chance to learn about this illness.
The diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made onclinical suspicion of the disease, followingscreening, or as an incidental finding duringtransurethral resection for suspected benigndisease (TURP). Clinically suspected prostate cancer Prostatecancer can be completely asymptomatic or presentwith symptoms similar to benign prostaticenlargement (see symptoms). It can also presentwith the symptoms of metastatic disease. Ondigital rectal examination prostate cancer feelsrock hard and nodular. Invasion into thesurrounding structures may be palpable as a hardmass. Spread to the lymph glands may be palpablein the groins or pelvis. Bony metastases to thelumbar spine or pelvis are often tender topalpation. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) is asubstance excreted by all prostate cells. Theblood level of PSA is elevated in prostate cancerand the level of elevation correlates with theextent of disease. The PSA level can also beelevated by benign diseases such as prostatitisand benign prostatic hyperplasia. The normalrange for PSA is 0 - 4 ng/ml. The higher the PSAthe greater is the chance of having prostatecancer. Somebody with a PSA of 4 - 10 ng/ml has a25% chance of having prostate cancer, while a PSAof greater than 10 carries a 50% risk of thedisease. Very high levels of PSA (>100ng/ml)almost invariably indicate widespread metastaticdisease. The diagnosis of prostate cancer isconfirmed by needle biopsy and histologicalanalysis of the biopsy specimens. A transrectalultrasound scan is performed via a probe insertedinto the rectum, and ultrasound guided needlebiopsies of the prostate are taken. The procedureis performed under local anaestheticScreening All healthy men over the age of 50years should have annual prostate cancer checks.
Black men and men with a positive family historyshould start at age 40. The aim of screening isto diagnose the disease at an early stage whileit is still potentially curable. By the timeprostate cancer becomes symptomatic it is usuallybeyond cure. The screening tests consist of adigital rectal examination and a PSA blood test.
The prostate gland may feel entirely normaldespite the presence of an early cancer. Thecombination of PSA and digital rectal examinationis more sensitive than either test alone. If oneor both of these tests are abnormal a transrectalultrasound and needle biopsies of the prostategland are performed.
Incidental finding following TURP Whenever atransurethral resection of the prostate gland isperformed for suspected benign disease theremoved tissue is sent for histological analysis.
Occasionally evidence of unsuspected prostatecancer is found in the tissue. In a young manwith an otherwise long life expectancy this isobviously significant. A tiny focus of cancer inan elderly man is probably not significantFind Article, sincethe prostate cancer will not have sufficient timeto become bothersome.
With our next information – we will inform youabout the “Diagnosis of prostate cancer” – so youshould have a look on this site in the next 2weeks! If you have any question sends us youre-mail.
Health-Service-Online Fritz Frei Admin
http://www.cancer-info.info
info@cancer-info.info
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Fritz Frei make it easy to check out the important details about the diagnoses and test's of the Male - Breast-Cancer. To receive more information's about all cancer -questions - Links and last research NEW's - visit the http://www.cancer-info.info
The diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made onclinical suspicion of the disease, followingscreening, or as an incidental finding duringtransurethral resection for suspected benigndisease (TURP). Clinically suspected prostate cancer Prostatecancer can be completely asymptomatic or presentwith symptoms similar to benign prostaticenlargement (see symptoms). It can also presentwith the symptoms of metastatic disease. Ondigital rectal examination prostate cancer feelsrock hard and nodular. Invasion into thesurrounding structures may be palpable as a hardmass. Spread to the lymph glands may be palpablein the groins or pelvis. Bony metastases to thelumbar spine or pelvis are often tender topalpation. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) is asubstance excreted by all prostate cells. Theblood level of PSA is elevated in prostate cancerand the level of elevation correlates with theextent of disease. The PSA level can also beelevated by benign diseases such as prostatitisand benign prostatic hyperplasia. The normalrange for PSA is 0 - 4 ng/ml. The higher the PSAthe greater is the chance of having prostatecancer. Somebody with a PSA of 4 - 10 ng/ml has a25% chance of having prostate cancer, while a PSAof greater than 10 carries a 50% risk of thedisease. Very high levels of PSA (>100ng/ml)almost invariably indicate widespread metastaticdisease. The diagnosis of prostate cancer isconfirmed by needle biopsy and histologicalanalysis of the biopsy specimens. A transrectalultrasound scan is performed via a probe insertedinto the rectum, and ultrasound guided needlebiopsies of the prostate are taken. The procedureis performed under local anaestheticScreening All healthy men over the age of 50years should have annual prostate cancer checks.
Black men and men with a positive family historyshould start at age 40. The aim of screening isto diagnose the disease at an early stage whileit is still potentially curable. By the timeprostate cancer becomes symptomatic it is usuallybeyond cure. The screening tests consist of adigital rectal examination and a PSA blood test.
The prostate gland may feel entirely normaldespite the presence of an early cancer. Thecombination of PSA and digital rectal examinationis more sensitive than either test alone. If oneor both of these tests are abnormal a transrectalultrasound and needle biopsies of the prostategland are performed.
Incidental finding following TURP Whenever atransurethral resection of the prostate gland isperformed for suspected benign disease theremoved tissue is sent for histological analysis.
Occasionally evidence of unsuspected prostatecancer is found in the tissue. In a young manwith an otherwise long life expectancy this isobviously significant. A tiny focus of cancer inan elderly man is probably not significantFind Article, sincethe prostate cancer will not have sufficient timeto become bothersome.
With our next information – we will inform youabout the “Diagnosis of prostate cancer” – so youshould have a look on this site in the next 2weeks! If you have any question sends us youre-mail.
Health-Service-Online Fritz Frei Admin
http://www.cancer-info.info
info@cancer-info.info
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Fritz Frei make it easy to check out the important details about the diagnoses and test's of the Male - Breast-Cancer. To receive more information's about all cancer -questions - Links and last research NEW's - visit the http://www.cancer-info.info
Differential Diagnosis of Search Engine Listing Criteria
The ariticle has elaborated the idea of how search engine includes a site and the difference of algorithms adopted by different crawlers
My research is based on a photographic equipment retail web site www.microglobe.co.uk which is a very best selling site no doubt with gaining good popularity in web circles just in no time. Popularity stand for honesty, good services, low price and all around the product and customer online or offline. In my study the popularity stand for link popularity that I have been working on for a year now. The SEO techniques, expert opinions, webmasters suggestions, forum discussions, email marketing, directory submission, chat discussion are salient areas of my research.
Differential Diagnosis applies on human is now asserted to be true on search engines listing criterias. The backdoor techniques adopted by different search engines sometime troubles webmasters at the other end.
While marketing what we assume most important are the inbound links to the subject web sites, but the story is quite different, for differential criteria of various search engines ranking and listing techniques. One can be amazed with the search results the other day morning, where the links are marginally down, traffic is low, rank is down, moral is down contrary with yesterday, where it was done for no effort. Inspite the team work hard, submissions go on contineouslyFree Articles, some of the directories are paid with the appropriate fee for listing and the result is the other way round. It is simply discouraging as good ranking sometimes turned out to be a magic game. Search engines criteria sometimes contradict with each other suffer a great loss to even potential web sites designed by well oriented webmasters for there is no guage to measure the parameters adopted by the big players.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Webmaster and software developer for Microglobe 2002-2006, 37 New oxford street London UK
My research is based on a photographic equipment retail web site www.microglobe.co.uk which is a very best selling site no doubt with gaining good popularity in web circles just in no time. Popularity stand for honesty, good services, low price and all around the product and customer online or offline. In my study the popularity stand for link popularity that I have been working on for a year now. The SEO techniques, expert opinions, webmasters suggestions, forum discussions, email marketing, directory submission, chat discussion are salient areas of my research.
Differential Diagnosis applies on human is now asserted to be true on search engines listing criterias. The backdoor techniques adopted by different search engines sometime troubles webmasters at the other end.
While marketing what we assume most important are the inbound links to the subject web sites, but the story is quite different, for differential criteria of various search engines ranking and listing techniques. One can be amazed with the search results the other day morning, where the links are marginally down, traffic is low, rank is down, moral is down contrary with yesterday, where it was done for no effort. Inspite the team work hard, submissions go on contineouslyFree Articles, some of the directories are paid with the appropriate fee for listing and the result is the other way round. It is simply discouraging as good ranking sometimes turned out to be a magic game. Search engines criteria sometimes contradict with each other suffer a great loss to even potential web sites designed by well oriented webmasters for there is no guage to measure the parameters adopted by the big players.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Webmaster and software developer for Microglobe 2002-2006, 37 New oxford street London UK
A Drug Rehab and Dual Diagnosis Treatment
National statistics have shown that drug addicts and alcoholics who attend a long term addiction treatment and drug rehab programs, where their dual diagnosis is addressed, have a higher
Although individual addiction treatment and dual diagnosis programs can vary, the average length of time of such a treatment program is approximately four to six weeks.
Detox and Dual Diagnosis
Drug rehab is a series of addiction treatment services with very specific focus to each. Alcohol detox and drug detox is only the first step to completing drug rehab. Alcohol detox or drug detox alone is not sufficient to change the patterns created by drug addiction and alcoholism. Recovery from drug addiction or alcoholism involves an extended addiction treatment process which usually requires the help of drug rehab professionals.In most cases, a person’s dual diagnosis is not fully addressed in detox. The reason for this, is that so many of the symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal or drug withdrawal mimic psychiatric symptoms, it is best to wait until the patient is medically stable. It is usually in the drug rehab portion of addiction treatment that the dual diagnosis is more fully diagnosed and treated.
Why Detox in Drug Rehab
Denial is a significant barrier in treating dual diagnosis and drug addiction. Almost all addicts tell themselves that they can conquer their drug addiction or alcohol addiction on their own without the help of addiction treatment resources. Unfortunately, this is not usually the case. When an addict makes an attempt to discontinue drug abuse and alcohol abuse without the aid of professional drug rehab help, recovery is short lived, sometimes due to intense cravings and sometimes due to overpowering alcohol withdrawal or drug withdrawal symptoms. An addict or alcoholic who wishes to recover from their drug addiction or a dual diagnosis needs more than just strong will power. Trying to overcome the barriers to living a drug-free life without the guidance of a successful drug rehab as the foundation can be extremely difficult. For additional information on dual diagnosis or addiction treatment program, call 1-800-511-9225 or go to www.lakeviewhealth.com.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Huttner has 25 years experience in the field of addiction treatment and dual diagnosis. He is a partner in Lakeview Health Systems which specializes in the treatment of drug addiction and dual diagnosis.
Although individual addiction treatment and dual diagnosis programs can vary, the average length of time of such a treatment program is approximately four to six weeks.
Detox and Dual Diagnosis
Drug rehab is a series of addiction treatment services with very specific focus to each. Alcohol detox and drug detox is only the first step to completing drug rehab. Alcohol detox or drug detox alone is not sufficient to change the patterns created by drug addiction and alcoholism. Recovery from drug addiction or alcoholism involves an extended addiction treatment process which usually requires the help of drug rehab professionals.In most cases, a person’s dual diagnosis is not fully addressed in detox. The reason for this, is that so many of the symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal or drug withdrawal mimic psychiatric symptoms, it is best to wait until the patient is medically stable. It is usually in the drug rehab portion of addiction treatment that the dual diagnosis is more fully diagnosed and treated.
Why Detox in Drug Rehab
Denial is a significant barrier in treating dual diagnosis and drug addiction. Almost all addicts tell themselves that they can conquer their drug addiction or alcohol addiction on their own without the help of addiction treatment resources. Unfortunately, this is not usually the case. When an addict makes an attempt to discontinue drug abuse and alcohol abuse without the aid of professional drug rehab help, recovery is short lived, sometimes due to intense cravings and sometimes due to overpowering alcohol withdrawal or drug withdrawal symptoms. An addict or alcoholic who wishes to recover from their drug addiction or a dual diagnosis needs more than just strong will power. Trying to overcome the barriers to living a drug-free life without the guidance of a successful drug rehab as the foundation can be extremely difficult. For additional information on dual diagnosis or addiction treatment program, call 1-800-511-9225 or go to www.lakeviewhealth.com.
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Huttner has 25 years experience in the field of addiction treatment and dual diagnosis. He is a partner in Lakeview Health Systems which specializes in the treatment of drug addiction and dual diagnosis.
Parkinson's Disease: Its Over-Diagnosis and Under-Diagnosis
What are the keys to diagnosing Parkinson's disease? Let's ask James Parkinson.
In this era of genuinely marvelous, high-tech, medical devices, it is sometimes surprising that certain diseases are still diagnosed "clinically," meaning that the clinician makes the call based on just the story of symptoms and the physical exam. Parkinson's disease is one such disease. There is no "Parkinson scan" or "Parkinson blood-test" to rely upon. MRI scans, CT scans and blood tests are usually normal in people with this disease.
Of course, once upon a time—before scans and blood-tests even existed—this is how all diagnoses were made. So, in a sense, diagnosing Parkinson's disease gets back to the very roots of what doctors are supposed to do. But when there are no corroborative tests available to prove or disprove a diagnosis, even the doctor sometimes gets it wrong.
Before delving into the challenges of diagnosing Parkinson's disease, let's first consider what is known about this condition.In 1817 James Parkinson, an English surgeon and apothecary, published a classic, short book entitled "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy." In it, Parkinson identified a consistent pattern of physical abnormalities in six patients he had examined. Although people with identical abnormalities had doubtlessly been around for thousands of years, Parkinson was the first to recognize this pattern of abnormalities as a distinct condition. For this important achievement, the disease was eventually named for him.
In the book's opening sentence Parkinson wasted no time in laying out prominent features of this disease: "Involuntary tremulous motion, with lessened muscular power, in parts [of the body] not in action and even when supported; with a propensity to bend the trunk forwards, and to pass from a walking to a running pace: the senses and intellects being uninjured."
Subsequently, scientists discovered that degeneration of a limited group of brain cells containing the chemical transmitter dopamine was responsible for these clinical changes. (The group of brain cells involved is too slight to show up on brain scans in all but the most advanced of cases.) In 1967, levodopa (one of two ingredients in brand-name Sinemet) a drug the body can convert into dopamine, was found helpful in alleviating many of the symptoms. Later, other drugs (dopamine agonists) were created that improved symptoms by mimicking the action of the missing dopamine. These include bromocriptine (brand name Parlodel), pergolide (Permax), pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip). To date, there are no treatments that reliably stop or reverse the underlying disease-process.
As a condition that affects about one percent of people over the age of 60, Parkinson's disease is usually on the radar screen of patients and doctors alike when new symptoms are present that suggest the disease. That other conditions can resemble it was not news to James Parkinson who devoted a chapter of his 1817 book to "Shaking palsy distinguished from other diseases with which it may be confounded."In my consultation practice of neurology, I see both over-diagnosis and under-diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The problem usually centers on one of the most visible of symptoms, the tremor. When tremor of the hands is present, doctors often diagnose Parkinson's disease, even when another condition is to blame. When tremor is absent, doctors often fail to consider Parkinson's disease, even when it is present. One key to accurate diagnosis is to focus on the characteristics of the tremor itself. The Parkinsonian tremor usually affects one hand first, and at all stages of the disease the initially affected hand remains more tremulous than the other hand. And, as Parkinson himself emphasized, the tremor is most evident when the hand is at rest or supported, and decreases when the hand is in the air or put to use. In other conditions that cause hand-tremors, the hands are more equally affected, and the tremor is more evident when the hands are in the air or put to use.
What about cases in which no tremor is present? Because symptoms of Parkinson's disease worsen slowly—year by year instead of month by month—patients and their families often mistake these changes as due to normal, healthy aging. Non-tremor symptoms of Parkinson's disease can include relative immobility of body-parts (hypokinesia), especially of the face which can show a mask-like lack of expression. Movements, once initiated, are slow (bradykinesia). Walking, as James Parkinson noted, involves a bent-forward posture with shuffling, short steps and reduced swinging of the arms. Sometimes the body's center of gravity gets ahead of the feet's ability to catch up, resulting in the passing "from a walking to a running pace" that Parkinson described and is known as festination.
The physical exam also shows clumsiness in hands and feet. Increased muscle tone, called "rigidity," is encountered in the patient's neck and arm muscles, even while they are supposed to be relaxed.
Patients who have Parkinson's disease without tremor are often the most gratifying cases to treat. Having developed their problems slowly and having believed all along that their symptoms were due to agingComputer Technology Articles, they are happily astonished by the rapid improvement in function produced by appropriate medication.
(C) 2005 by Gary Cordingley
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gary Cordingley, MD, PhD, is a clinical neurologist, teacher and researcher who works in Athens, Ohio. For more health-related articles, see his website at: http://www.cordingleyneurology.com
In this era of genuinely marvelous, high-tech, medical devices, it is sometimes surprising that certain diseases are still diagnosed "clinically," meaning that the clinician makes the call based on just the story of symptoms and the physical exam. Parkinson's disease is one such disease. There is no "Parkinson scan" or "Parkinson blood-test" to rely upon. MRI scans, CT scans and blood tests are usually normal in people with this disease.
Of course, once upon a time—before scans and blood-tests even existed—this is how all diagnoses were made. So, in a sense, diagnosing Parkinson's disease gets back to the very roots of what doctors are supposed to do. But when there are no corroborative tests available to prove or disprove a diagnosis, even the doctor sometimes gets it wrong.
Before delving into the challenges of diagnosing Parkinson's disease, let's first consider what is known about this condition.In 1817 James Parkinson, an English surgeon and apothecary, published a classic, short book entitled "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy." In it, Parkinson identified a consistent pattern of physical abnormalities in six patients he had examined. Although people with identical abnormalities had doubtlessly been around for thousands of years, Parkinson was the first to recognize this pattern of abnormalities as a distinct condition. For this important achievement, the disease was eventually named for him.
In the book's opening sentence Parkinson wasted no time in laying out prominent features of this disease: "Involuntary tremulous motion, with lessened muscular power, in parts [of the body] not in action and even when supported; with a propensity to bend the trunk forwards, and to pass from a walking to a running pace: the senses and intellects being uninjured."
Subsequently, scientists discovered that degeneration of a limited group of brain cells containing the chemical transmitter dopamine was responsible for these clinical changes. (The group of brain cells involved is too slight to show up on brain scans in all but the most advanced of cases.) In 1967, levodopa (one of two ingredients in brand-name Sinemet) a drug the body can convert into dopamine, was found helpful in alleviating many of the symptoms. Later, other drugs (dopamine agonists) were created that improved symptoms by mimicking the action of the missing dopamine. These include bromocriptine (brand name Parlodel), pergolide (Permax), pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip). To date, there are no treatments that reliably stop or reverse the underlying disease-process.
As a condition that affects about one percent of people over the age of 60, Parkinson's disease is usually on the radar screen of patients and doctors alike when new symptoms are present that suggest the disease. That other conditions can resemble it was not news to James Parkinson who devoted a chapter of his 1817 book to "Shaking palsy distinguished from other diseases with which it may be confounded."In my consultation practice of neurology, I see both over-diagnosis and under-diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The problem usually centers on one of the most visible of symptoms, the tremor. When tremor of the hands is present, doctors often diagnose Parkinson's disease, even when another condition is to blame. When tremor is absent, doctors often fail to consider Parkinson's disease, even when it is present. One key to accurate diagnosis is to focus on the characteristics of the tremor itself. The Parkinsonian tremor usually affects one hand first, and at all stages of the disease the initially affected hand remains more tremulous than the other hand. And, as Parkinson himself emphasized, the tremor is most evident when the hand is at rest or supported, and decreases when the hand is in the air or put to use. In other conditions that cause hand-tremors, the hands are more equally affected, and the tremor is more evident when the hands are in the air or put to use.
What about cases in which no tremor is present? Because symptoms of Parkinson's disease worsen slowly—year by year instead of month by month—patients and their families often mistake these changes as due to normal, healthy aging. Non-tremor symptoms of Parkinson's disease can include relative immobility of body-parts (hypokinesia), especially of the face which can show a mask-like lack of expression. Movements, once initiated, are slow (bradykinesia). Walking, as James Parkinson noted, involves a bent-forward posture with shuffling, short steps and reduced swinging of the arms. Sometimes the body's center of gravity gets ahead of the feet's ability to catch up, resulting in the passing "from a walking to a running pace" that Parkinson described and is known as festination.
The physical exam also shows clumsiness in hands and feet. Increased muscle tone, called "rigidity," is encountered in the patient's neck and arm muscles, even while they are supposed to be relaxed.
Patients who have Parkinson's disease without tremor are often the most gratifying cases to treat. Having developed their problems slowly and having believed all along that their symptoms were due to agingComputer Technology Articles, they are happily astonished by the rapid improvement in function produced by appropriate medication.
(C) 2005 by Gary Cordingley
Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gary Cordingley, MD, PhD, is a clinical neurologist, teacher and researcher who works in Athens, Ohio. For more health-related articles, see his website at: http://www.cordingleyneurology.com
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)